Negative Questions — Inkor savollar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Inkor savol — inkor shakldagi savol: Don’t you like it? Isn’t it beautiful? Why didn’t you call me? Bunday savollar oddiy savollardan farq qiladi, chunki ular faqat ma’lumot so‘ramaydi — ular gapiruvchining his-tuyg‘usini ham bildiradi:

Hayrat: Don’t you know him? — Uni tanimaysanmi? (tanishing kerak edi deb o‘ylagandim)
Tasdiqlash: Isn’t it a lovely day? — Ajoyib kun-a? (men shunday deb o‘ylayman, sen ham rozimisan?)
Norozilik: Why haven’t you finished yet? — Nega hali tugatmading?
Muloyim taklif: Won’t you sit down? — O‘tirmaysizmi?

O‘zbekchada ham shunday savollar bor: Tanimaysanmi? Chiroyli emasmi? Nega qo‘ng‘iroq qilmading? Lekin eng katta qiyinchilik — javob berish. Bu yerda ingliz va o‘zbek tillari teskari ishlaydi.

Tuzilishi (qisqa)Don’t / Isn’t / Haven’t / Can’t + ega + fe’l...?

Tuzilishi (to‘liq, rasmiy)Do + ega + not + fe’l...?

Wh-savolWhy / How come + don’t / didn’t + ega + fe’l...?

JavobYes = bo‘lishli fakt, No = inkor fakt (savol shakliga qaramay!)

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

Inkor savol tuzilishi: qisqa va to‘liq shakllar.
Hayrat va tasdiqlash ma’nolari.
Why don’t you...? — taklif va norozilik.
Inkor savollarga javob berish — eng muhim qism.
Muloyim taklif va iltimos: Won’t you...? Wouldn’t you like...?
Inkor savol va question tags farqi.

Tuzilishi

Inkor savol oddiy savol kabi yasaladi, faqat yordamchi fe’l inkor shaklda bo‘ladi:

Oddiy savol	Inkor savol
Do you like it?	Don’t you like it?
Is she coming?	Isn’t she coming?
Have you finished?	Haven’t you finished?
Can he swim?	Can’t he swim?
Did they call?	Didn’t they call?
Will you help me?	Won’t you help me?

Qisqa va to‘liq shakl

So‘zlashuvda qisqa shakl ishlatiladi: Don’t you like it? To‘liq shaklda esa not egadan keyin keladi va bu juda rasmiy eshitiladi:

Don’t you agree?Rozi emasmisiz? (oddiy)
Do you not agree?Rozi emasmisiz? (rasmiy)
Isn’t he your brother?U sizning akangiz emasmi?
Is he not your brother?U sizning akangiz emasmi? (rasmiy)

Diqqat: Do not you agree? — xato. Qisqa shakl birga yoziladi (Don’t you), to‘liq shaklda not egadan keyin (Do you not).

am bilan inkor savol: Aren’t I right? (Amn’t I — ishlatilmaydi).

Hayrat ma’nosi

Gapiruvchi boshqacha javob kutgan edi va hozir hayratda:

Don’t you know who he is? He’s a famous actor!U kimligini bilmaysanmi? U mashhur aktyor-ku!
Haven’t you finished yet? You started three hours ago!Hali tugatmadingmi? Uch soat oldin boshlagan eding-ku!
Can’t you swim? I thought everyone could!Suza olmaysanmi? Hamma suza oladi deb o‘ylardim!
Didn’t you hear the news?Yangilikni eshitmadingmi?
Isn’t she coming? I thought she’d said yes.U kelmaydimi? Rozi bo‘lgan deb o‘ylagandim.

Tasdiqlash ma’nosi

Gapiruvchi javob “ha” bo‘lishiga ishonadi va tinglovchidan tasdiq kutadi. Bu ko‘pincha fikr bildirish yoki suhbatni boshlash usuli.

Isn’t it a beautiful day?Ajoyib kun-a?
Wasn’t that a great film?Zo‘r film bo‘ldi-ya?
Don’t you think she looks tired?U charchagan ko‘rinadi, shunday emasmi?
Haven’t we met before?Biz ilgari uchrashganmiz, shekilli?
Isn’t this the restaurant we went to last year?Bu biz o‘tgan yili borgan restoran emasmi?

Why don’t you...? va Why didn’t you...?

Why don’t you...? — taklif

Why don’t you / we + fe’l? — bu aslida savol emas, taklif yoki maslahat:

Why don’t you take a break?Nega dam olmaysan? (Dam ol.)
Why don’t we go to the cinema tonight?Bugun kechqurun kinoga borsak-chi?
Why don’t you ask your teacher?O‘qituvchingdan so‘rab ko‘rsang-chi?

Why not + fe’l? — qisqaroq: Why not try again? — “Yana urinib ko‘rsang-chi?”

Why didn’t you...? — norozilik

Why didn’t you / Why haven’t you — o‘tmishdagi ish qilinmagani uchun norozilik:

Why didn’t you call me? I was worried!Nega menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmading? Xavotir oldim!
Why haven’t you done your homework?Nega uy vazifangni qilmading?
Why can’t you be on time for once?Nega bir marta bo‘lsa ham o‘z vaqtida kela olmaysan?

How come + darak tartib — “qanday qilib”, “nega” (so‘zlashuv): How come you didn’t tell me? (tartib: ega + fe’l, savol tartibi emas!)

Inkor savollarga javob — eng muhim qism

Bu yerda o‘zbek va ingliz tillari teskari ishlaydi!

O‘zbekchada javob savolga qarab beriladi: — Choy ichmaysanmi? — Ha, ichmayman. (ha, savolingiz to‘g‘ri)

Inglizchada javob faktga qarab beriladi: — Don’t you drink tea? — No, I don’t. (yo‘q, ichmayman)

QoidaYes + bo‘lishli fakt; No + inkor fakt

Don’t you like coffee? (yoqtiraman)Yes, I do.

Don’t you like coffee? (yoqtirmayman)No, I don’t.

Savol	Fakt	To‘g‘ri javob	O‘zbekcha
Aren’t you tired?	charchaganman	Yes, I am.	Yo‘q, charchadim.
Aren’t you tired?	charchamaganman	No, I’m not.	Ha, charchamadim.
Didn’t you see him?	ko‘rganman	Yes, I did.	Yo‘q, ko‘rdim.
Didn’t you see him?	ko‘rmaganman	No, I didn’t.	Ha, ko‘rmadim.

— Don’t you like pizza? — Yes, I do! I love it.— Pitsani yoqtirmaysanmi? — Yo‘q, yoqtiraman! Juda yaxshi ko‘raman.
— Don’t you like pizza? — No, I don’t. It’s too greasy.— Pitsani yoqtirmaysanmi? — Ha, yoqtirmayman. Juda yog‘li.
— Haven’t you finished? — No, not yet.— Tugatmadingmi? — Ha, hali tugatmadim.
— Isn’t he coming? — Yes, he is. He’s just late.— U kelmaydimi? — Yo‘q, keladi. Shunchaki kechikyapti.

Maslahat: chalkashmaslik uchun Yes / No dan keyin doim qisqa javob qo‘shing: Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Qisqa javob ma’noni aniqlashtiradi.

Muloyim taklif va iltimos

Won’t you...? va Wouldn’t you like...? — juda muloyim taklif:

Won’t you sit down?O‘tirmaysizmi? (O‘tiring, marhamat.)
Won’t you have some more tea?Yana choy ichmaysizmi?
Wouldn’t you like to come with us?Biz bilan bormaysizmi?
Couldn’t you stay a bit longer?Yana biroz qololmaysizmi?

Can’t you...? esa ko‘pincha sabrsizlik bildiradi: Can’t you be quiet for five minutes? — “Besh daqiqa jim tura olmaysanmi?!”

Inkor savol va question tags

Ikkalasi ham tasdiq so‘raydi, lekin tuzilishi boshqa:

Isn’t it cold today?Bugun sovuq-a? (inkor savol)
It’s cold today, isn’t it?Bugun sovuq, shunday emasmi? (question tag)

Inkor savol biroz kuchliroq hayrat yoki hissiyot bildiradi. Batafsil — “Question tags” darsida.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Nima maqsadda so‘rayapsiz?
- Hayrat → Don’t you know...?
- Tasdiq → Isn’t it...?
- Taklif → Why don’t you...?
- Norozilik → Why didn’t you...?
- Muloyim taklif → Won’t you...?
Tuzilma: inkor yordamchi (don’t, isn’t, haven’t) + ega + fe’l.
Javob: faktga qarab — bo‘lishli fakt → Yes, inkor fakt → No.

Misol: “Uni tanimaysanmi? U bizning qo‘shnimiz-ku!”

Hayrat → Don’t you know.

NatijaDon’t you know him? He’s our neighbour!

Misol: “— Och emasmisan? — Yo‘q, ochman.”

Fakt — ochman (bo‘lishli) → Yes.

Natija— Aren’t you hungry? — Yes, I am.

Misol: “Shifokorga borsang-chi?”

Taklif → Why don’t you.

NatijaWhy don’t you see a doctor?

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~Do not you like it?~~

✓ Don’t you like it? / Do you not like it?

not egadan keyin yoki qisqa shakl.

✗ ~~— Don’t you like coffee? — Yes, I don’t.~~

✓ — Don’t you like coffee? — No, I don’t.

Inkor fakt — No.

✗ ~~— Aren’t you tired? — No, I am.~~

✓ — Aren’t you tired? — Yes, I am.

Bo‘lishli fakt — Yes.

✗ ~~Amn’t I right?~~

✓ Aren’t I right?

am bilan — aren’t I.

✗ ~~Why you didn’t call me?~~

✓ Why didn’t you call me?

Savol tartibi.

✗ ~~How come didn’t you tell me?~~

✓ How come you didn’t tell me?

How come — darak tartib.

✗ ~~Why don’t you to ask her?~~

✓ Why don’t you ask her?

to yo‘q.

✗ ~~Doesn’t she likes it?~~

✓ Doesn’t she like it?

does dan keyin -s yo‘q.

✗ ~~Isn’t you coming?~~

✓ Aren’t you coming?

you bilan are.

Eslab qoling: Don’t you...? Isn’t it...? — hayrat yoki tasdiq; Why don’t you...? — taklif. Javob faktga qarab: bo‘lishli — Yes, I do; inkor — No, I don’t.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ziyofatda

— Haven’t we met before?— Biz ilgari uchrashganmiz, shekilli?
— Yes, we have! At Dilnoza’s wedding last year.— Ha, uchrashganmiz! O‘tgan yili Dilnozaning to‘yida.
— Of course! Isn’t this a wonderful party?— Albatta! Ajoyib ziyofat-a?
— It is. Won’t you have something to eat? The plov is delicious.— Ha. Biror narsa yemaysizmi? Osh juda mazali.
— Don’t you remember? I’m vegetarian!— Esingizda yo‘qmi? Men vegetarianman!
— Oh, sorry! Why don’t you try the salads then?— Voy, kechirasiz! Unda salatlardan tatib ko‘rsangiz-chi?

Uyda

— Why didn’t you tell me you were going to be late?— Nega kechikishingni aytmading?
— Didn’t you get my message?— Xabarimni olmadingmi?
— No, I didn’t.— Yo‘q, olmadim.
— That’s strange. Isn’t your phone working?— G‘alati. Telefoning ishlamayaptimi?
— Yes, it is. Oh — I see. It was on silent.— Yo‘q, ishlayapti. Ha, tushundim. Ovozsiz rejimda ekan.

Kichik matn: “Yangi qo‘shni”

When I moved into my new flat, my neighbour knocked on the door. “Aren’t you the new teacher at the school?” she asked. “Yes, I am,” I said, surprised. “Don’t you remember me? I was in your English class ten years ago!” I didn’t recognise her at first. “Why didn’t you say hello on the stairs yesterday?” I asked. “I wasn’t sure it was you,” she laughed. “Won’t you come in for some tea?” I said. “Isn’t it a small world?” she replied as she came in.

Matndagi inkor savollarni toping. Ularning har biri nimani bildiradi: hayrat, tasdiq, norozilik yoki taklif?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

Uni tanimaysanmi? → Don’t you know him?
Ajoyib kun-a? → Isn’t it a lovely day?
Nega menga aytmading? → Why didn’t you tell me?
Dam olsang-chi? → Why don’t you have a rest?
— Charchamadingmi? — Yo‘q, charchadim. → — Aren’t you tired? — Yes, I am.
— Kofeni yoqtirmaysanmi? — Ha, yoqtirmayman. → — Don’t you like coffee? — No, I don’t.
O‘tirmaysizmi? (muloyim) → Won’t you sit down?

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

Inkor savol: Don’t / Isn’t / Haven’t / Can’t + ega + fe’l? Rasmiy: Do you not...?
Ma’nolari: hayrat (Don’t you know?), tasdiq (Isn’t it beautiful?).
Why don’t you...? — taklif; Why didn’t you...? — norozilik.
Won’t you...? Wouldn’t you like...? — muloyim taklif.
am bilan: Aren’t I...?
How come + darak tartib: How come you didn’t call?
Javob faktga qarab: Yes + bo‘lishli, No + inkor — o‘zbekchadan teskari!