What or Which?

Oddiy qilib aytganda

What va which ikkalasi ham “qaysi? qanaqa?” deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Farqi — tanlov qanchalik cheklangan:

• What — tanlov ochiq, variantlar ko‘p yoki noma’lum.
• Which — tanlov cheklangan, bir nechta aniq variant ichidan.

• What music do you like?Qanaqa musiqani yoqtirasiz?
• Which is your bag — this one or that one?Qaysi biri sizning sumkangiz — bumi, unimi?
• What time is it?Soat necha?
• Which bus goes to the airport?Qaysi avtobus aeroportga boradi?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. What va which ning asosiy farqi.
2. What + ot va which + ot.
3. Which one / which ones.
4. Which of...: which of you, which of these.
5. Odamlar haqida: who yoki which?
6. Doim what bilan keladigan savollar.

What + ot

What ko‘pincha ot bilan birga keladi va umumiy savol beradi:

• What kind of films do you like?Qanday filmlarni yoqtirasiz?
• What size are your shoes?Oyoq kiyimingiz o‘lchami qancha?
• What language do they speak?Ular qaysi tilda gapiradi?
• What day is it today?Bugun qaysi kun?

Which + ot

Which — so‘zlovchi va tinglovchi variantlarni biladi yoki ko‘rib turibdi:

• Which hand do you write with?Qaysi qo‘lingiz bilan yozasiz? (ikki qo‘l)
• Which room is yours?Qaysi xona siznik? (uyda bir nechta xona)
• Which dress should I wear, the red one or the black one?Qaysi ko‘ylakni kiyay, qizilinimi yoki qorasinimi?
• Which team won?Qaysi jamoa yutdi? (o‘yinda ikki jamoa)

Taqqoslang

Maslahat: savoldan keyin “... or ...?” (yoki) qo‘shish mumkin bo‘lsa — which ishlating.

Which one / which ones

Ot takrorlanmasligi uchun one (birlik) yoki ones (ko‘plik) ishlatiladi:

• — Can I have a pen? — Which one? The blue one or the black one?— Ruchka bera olasizmi? — Qaysi birini?
• — I like those shoes. — Which ones?— Anavi poyabzallar yoqdi. — Qaysilari?

Which of...

Guruh ichidan tanlash uchun which of + the/these/you/them:

• Which of you speaks Russian?Qaysi biringiz ruscha gapirasiz?
• Which of these phones is cheaper?Bu telefonlarning qaysi biri arzonroq?
• Which of the students got an A?Talabalarning qaysi biri A oldi?

Diqqat: What of you...? — xato. of bilan faqat which.

Odamlar haqida

Doim what

Ba’zi tayyor savollar faqat what bilan:

• What’s your name?Ismingiz nima?
• What’s your phone number?Telefon raqamingiz qanaqa?
• What’s the time?Soat necha?
• What’s the weather like?Havo qanday?

What / Which + predlog

Ko‘p savollarda what yoki which dan keyin predlog gap oxirida keladi:

• What are you looking at?Nimaga qarayapsan?
• What are you talking about?Nima haqida gapiryapsan?
• Which hotel are you staying at?Qaysi mehmonxonada turibsan?
• What is this tool used for?Bu asbob nima uchun ishlatiladi?
• Which city are you from?Qaysi shahardansiz?

What for? — Why? ning so‘zlashuvdagi qisqa shakli: — I need some money. — What for? (Nima uchun?)

What ... like? va What ... look like?

What ... like? — biror narsa yoki odam qandayligi haqida savol:

• — What’s your new house like? — It’s big and bright.— Yangi uyingiz qanday? — Katta va yorug‘.
• — What does he look like? — He’s short with dark hair.— U qanday ko‘rinishda? — Past bo‘yli, qora sochli.
• — What was the film like? — Boring!— Film qanday edi? — Zerikarli!

Diqqat: How is your teacher like? — xato. like bilan — What: What is your teacher like?

What kind of / What sort of

What kind of / what sort of + ot — “qanday turdagi”:

• What kind of music do you like?Qanday musiqani yoqtirasan?
• What sort of books does she read?U qanday kitoblarni o‘qiydi?
• What kind of car is it?Bu qanday mashina?

Qisqa javob: — What kind of films do you like? — Comedies, mostly.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Variantlar aniq va cheklanganmi? (ikkita, uchta, ko‘rib turibmiz) → which.
2. Variantlar ko‘p yoki noma’lummi? → what.
3. “of” kerakmi? → faqat which of.

Misol: “Qaysi rangni afzal ko‘rasiz, ko‘kmi yoki yashilmi?”

1. Ikki aniq variant → which.

Misol: “Sevimli rangingiz qaysi?”

1. Istalgan rang bo‘lishi mumkin → what.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: what — ochiq tanlov. which — cheklangan tanlov. of va one bilan — doim which.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Do‘konda

• — Good afternoon. What are you looking for?— Xayrli kun. Nima qidiryapsiz?
• — A phone for my mum.— Onamga telefon.
• — We have these three. Which one do you like?— Bizda mana shu uchtasi bor. Qaysi biri yoqadi?
• — Which of them has the best camera?— Qaysi birining kamerasi eng yaxshi?
• — This one. What colour would you like?— Mana bunisi. Qanaqa rang istaysiz?
• — Hmm, which colours do you have?— Hmm, qaysi ranglari bor?
• — Black, white and gold.— Qora, oq va oltin rang.

Ko‘chmas mulk agentida

• — What kind of flat are you looking for?— Qanday kvartira qidiryapsiz?
• — Something small, near the centre.— Kichikroq, markazga yaqin.
• — Which area do you prefer — Chilanzar or Yunusabad?— Qaysi hududni afzal ko‘rasiz — Chilonzormi yoki Yunusobodmi?
• — Yunusabad. What’s the area like?— Yunusobod. U hudud qanday?
• — Quiet and green. Which floor would you like?— Tinch va yashil. Qaysi qavatni xohlaysiz?
• — Not the top one! What is the price for? A month?— Eng yuqorisini emas! Narx nima uchun? Bir oygami?

Kichik matn: “Yangi do‘st”

Last week I met a new girl in my class. Her name is Kamila. “Which school were you at before?” I asked. “School 110,” she said. “What was it like?” — “Very big and noisy.” “What kind of music do you like?” — “Rock and jazz.” “Which band is your favourite?” — “Queen!” My mum asked me later, “What does Kamila look like?” I said, “She’s tall, with short black hair and glasses.” “And what’s she like?” — “Funny and clever. I think we’ll be good friends!”

Matndagi savollarni toping. What ... like va What does ... look like savollari nimani so‘raydi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. ___ is your phone number? → What
2. ___ of these books is yours? → Which
3. ___ way is the station — left or right? → Which
4. ___ kind of music do you like? → What
5. — I want that cake. — ___ one? → Which
6. Tuzating: What of you is Aziz? → Which of you is Aziz?
7. Yangi o‘qituvching qanday (xarakteri)? → What is your new teacher like?
8. U qanday ko‘rinishda? → What does she look like?
9. Qanday musiqani yoqtirasan? → What kind of music do you like?
10. Nimaga qarayapsan? → What are you looking at?

Qisqa xulosa

• What — ochiq, cheksiz tanlov: What music do you like?
• Which — cheklangan, aniq variantlar: Which bus — 15 or 27?
• ... or ...? qo‘shish mumkin bo‘lsa — which.
• which one / which ones — otni takrorlamaslik uchun.
• which of + you/these/the... (what of — xato).
• Tayyor savollar: What’s your name? What time is it?