-ing Spelling Rules

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Present Continuous va boshqa ko‘p tuzilmalarda fe’lga -ing qo‘shiladi: I’m reading. Ko‘pincha shunchaki -ing qo‘shamiz, lekin ba’zi fe’llarda imlo o‘zgaradi: make → making, run → running, lie → lying.

Bu darsda uchta asosiy qoidani o‘rganamiz. Ular -ed qo‘shimchasi va sifatlarning -er / -est shakllarida ham deyarli bir xil ishlaydi.

• She’s making tea.U choy damlayapti.
• They’re running in the park.Ular bog‘da yugurishyapti.
• I’m writing a letter.Xat yozyapman.
• The baby is lying on the bed.Chaqaloq karavotda yotibdi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Oddiy holat: + ing.
2. -e bilan tugaydigan fe’llar.
3. Undosh harfni ikkilash qoidasi.
4. -ie → -ying.
5. Istisnolar: see, be, -ee, -oe.
6. -y, -w, -x bilan tugaydigan fe’llar.

1. Oddiy holat

Ko‘p fe’llarga shunchaki -ing qo‘shiladi:

Diqqat: -y bilan tugaydigan fe’llarda y o‘zgarmaydi: study → studying, cry → crying. (-s qo‘shganda studies bo‘lardi, lekin -ing da emas.)

2. -e bilan tugasa

Oxirgi -e tushib qoladi:

• make → makinghave → having
• write → writingcome → coming
• dance → dancingride → riding

Istisno: -ee, -ye, -oe va be

3. Oxirgi harfni ikkilash

Agar fe’l bitta bo‘g‘inli bo‘lsa va undosh + bitta unli + undosh bilan tugasa, oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi:

Ikkilanmaydigan holatlar

Ikki bo‘g‘inli fe’llar

Urg‘u oxirgi bo‘g‘inda bo‘lsa — ikkilanadi: begin → beginning, forget → forgetting. Urg‘u birinchi bo‘g‘inda bo‘lsa — ikkilanmaydi: visit → visiting, open → opening, listen → listening.

Britaniya inglizchasida -l doim ikkilanadi: travel → travelling (Amerikada: traveling).

4. -ie → -ying

• lie → lyingyolg‘on gapirmoq / yotmoq
• die → dyingo‘lmoq
• tie → tyingbog‘lamoq

Talaffuzni eshitib qoidani tekshirish

Oxirgi undoshni ikkilash qoidasi aslida talaffuzga bog‘liq: agar oxirgi bo‘g‘in qisqa unli + bitta undosh bo‘lsa va urg‘u shu bo‘g‘inda bo‘lsa — undosh ikkilanadi. Ikkilangan undosh unlini qisqa saqlab qoladi:

• I’m hopping on one leg.Bir oyoqda sakrayapman.
• I’m hoping to see you.Seni ko‘rishga umid qilyapman.
• She’s planning a trip.U sayohat rejalashtiryapti.

Ko‘rinib turibdiki, bitta harf so‘zning ma’nosini butunlay o‘zgartirishi mumkin!

-c bilan tugaydigan fe’llar

-c bilan tugaydigan bir nechta fe’lda -ing oldidan k qo‘shiladi — talaffuz /k/ bo‘lib qolishi uchun:

• picnic → picnickingpiknik qilmoq
• panic → panickingvahimaga tushmoq
• traffic → trafficking(noqonuniy) savdo qilmoq

• We’re picnicking in the park.Parkda piknik qilyapmiz.
• Don’t panic! — Who’s panicking?Vahimaga tushma! — Kim vahimaga tushyapti?

Britaniya va Amerika imlosi

-l bilan tugaydigan ikki bo‘g‘inli fe’llarda Britaniya va Amerika imlosi farq qiladi:

• I love travelling. (BrE) / I love traveling. (AmE)Sayohat qilishni yaxshi ko‘raman.

Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri — faqat bitta matnda izchil bo‘ling.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Oxiri -ie mi? → -ying.
2. Oxiri -e mi (lekin -ee emas)? → e ni olib, -ing.
3. Bitta bo‘g‘in, undosh-unli-undosh (w, x, y emas)? → oxirgi harfni ikkilang.
4. Qolgan hammasi → shunchaki -ing.

Misol: “swim”

1. -ie emas, -e emas.
2. Bitta bo‘g‘in: sw-i-m → undosh-unli-undosh → m ikkilanadi.

Misol: “take”

1. -e bilan tugaydi → e tushadi.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: -e tushadi (making), qisqa fe’lda oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi (running), -ie → -ying (lying).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Telefonda: Hozir nima qilyapsan?

— What’s everybody doing? — Well, Mum is cooking dinner. Dad is sitting on the sofa and watching football. My sister is writing an essay and listening to music. The cat is lying on the carpet. And I’m getting ready to go out – we’re going swimming!

Do‘stga SMS

• — What are you doing?— Nima qilyapsan?
• — I’m sitting in a café and writing my essay.— Kafeda o‘tirib, inshoimni yozyapman.
• — Are you coming to the party tonight?— Bugun kechqurun ziyofatga kelasanmi?
• — I’m hoping to. But I’m still studying.— Umid qilaman. Lekin hali ham o‘qiyapman.
• — We’re planning to start at eight.— Soat sakkizda boshlashni rejalashtiryapmiz.
• — OK, I’m trying to finish quickly!— Xo‘p, tez tugatishga harakat qilyapman!

Kichik matn: “Parkda yakshanba”

It’s Sunday, and the park is full of people. An old man is sitting on a bench and reading a newspaper. Two boys are running after a ball, and a little girl is hopping on one leg. A young couple is lying on the grass and looking at the sky. Some families are picnicking under the trees. A dog is swimming in the lake, and its owner is shouting, “Come back!” I’m taking photos and hoping the weather stays nice.

Matndagi har bir -ing shaklni toping va qaysi imlo qoidasi ishlatilganini aniqlang: oddiy, -e tushishi, ikkilash, -ie → -y yoki -c → -ck.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. dance → dancing
2. stop → stopping
3. die → dying
4. visit → visiting
5. begin → beginning
6. agree → agreeing
7. hop → hopping
8. hope → hoping
9. picnic → picnicking
10. travel (BrE) → travelling

Qisqa xulosa

• Ko‘p fe’llar: + ing (reading, playing, studying).
• -e bilan tugasa → e tushadi (making). Istisno: -ee, be (seeing, being).
• Bitta bo‘g‘in, undosh-unli-undosh → oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi (running, sitting).
• w, x, y ikkilanmaydi (snowing, fixing, playing).
• Ikki bo‘g‘inli: urg‘u oxirida bo‘lsa ikkilanadi (beginning), boshida bo‘lsa yo‘q (visiting).
• -ie → -ying (lying, dying).