It takes, Spend, Waste
Vaqt sarflash iboralari
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
Vaqt haqida gapirganda o‘zbekchada “...ga bir soat ketadi”, “...ga vaqt sarfladim”, “vaqtimni behuda o‘tkazdim” deymiz. Ingliz tilida buning uchun uchta asosiy ibora bor va ularning tuzilishi har xil:
- It takes + vaqt + to + fe’l — biror ish uchun qancha vaqt kerak: It takes an hour to get there.
- spend + vaqt + -ing — vaqtni biror ishga sarflamoq: I spend two hours reading every day.
- waste + vaqt + -ing — vaqtni behuda o‘tkazmoq: Don’t waste time watching TV.
Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato — o‘zbekcha “ketadi” so‘zini so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilish: To the station goes ten minutes — xato. To‘g‘risi: It takes ten minutes to get to the station.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- It takes + vaqt + to + fe’l.
- How long does it take...? — savol tuzish.
- It takes + odam: It takes me / It took her.
- spend + vaqt + -ing va spend + on.
- waste — vaqt va pulni behuda sarflash.
- take boshqa narsalar bilan: It takes courage / patience.
It takes + vaqt + to + fe’l
Bu tuzilmada ega — it. Gap “...ish uchun ... vaqt kerak / ketadi” degan ma’noni beradi.
- It takes ten minutes to get to the station.Vokzalgacha borishga o‘n daqiqa ketadi.
- It takes a long time to learn a language.Til o‘rganish uchun ko‘p vaqt kerak.
- It took three hours to cook the plov.Osh pishirishga uch soat ketdi.
- It will take two days to fix your car.Mashinangizni tuzatishga ikki kun ketadi.
- It doesn’t take long to make tea.Choy damlash uchun ko‘p vaqt ketmaydi.
Zamonni take fe’li ko‘rsatadi: It takes (odatda), It took (o‘tmishda), It will take (kelajakda), It’s taking (hozir, jarayon).
Odam bilan: It takes me...
Kimga qancha vaqt ketishini aytish uchun takes dan keyin olmosh yoki ot qo‘yiladi:
- It takes me twenty minutes to walk to work.Ishga piyoda borishimga yigirma daqiqa ketadi.
- It took her a year to write the book.Kitobni yozishga unga bir yil kerak bo‘ldi.
- It takes my brother ages to get ready!Akam tayyorlanishiga bir dunyo vaqt ketadi!
- It took us a long time to find the hotel.Mehmonxonani topishimizga ko‘p vaqt ketdi.
Boshqa tartib
Xuddi shu ma’noni odamni ega qilib ham aytish mumkin:
- It takes me an hour to get home. = I take an hour to get home.Uyga yetib borishimga bir soat ketadi.
- The journey takes four hours.Safar to‘rt soat davom etadi.
- The film takes two hours.Film ikki soat davom etadi.
How long does it take...?
Vaqt haqida so‘rash uchun How long va does it take ishlatiladi:
- How long does it take to fly to Istanbul?Istanbulga uchib borishga qancha vaqt ketadi?
- How long does it take you to get to school?Maktabga borishingizga qancha vaqt ketadi?
- How long did it take them to build this bridge?Bu ko‘prikni qurishga ularga qancha vaqt ketdi?
- — How long will it take? — About half an hour.— Qancha vaqt ketadi? — Taxminan yarim soat.
Javoblarda: It takes about an hour. / It took ages. / Not long. / Only five minutes.
spend — vaqtni sarflamoq
spend dan keyin vaqt keladi, so‘ng nima qilinganini -ing shakli bilan aytamiz. Bu yerda ega — odam.
- I spend two hours reading every evening.Har kuni kechqurun ikki soat kitob o‘qiyman.
- She spends too much time playing games.U o‘yin o‘ynashga juda ko‘p vaqt sarflaydi.
- We spent the weekend painting the kitchen.Dam olish kunlarini oshxonani bo‘yash bilan o‘tkazdik.
- How do you spend your free time?Bo‘sh vaqtingizni qanday o‘tkazasiz?
- I spent a wonderful week in the mountains.Tog‘da ajoyib bir hafta o‘tkazdim.
Diqqat: spend dan keyin to + fe’l emas, -ing: I spend time reading (to read — xato).
spend + pul + on
spend pul haqida ham ishlatiladi. Unda narsa oldidan on keladi:
- I spent 200,000 sums on a new jacket.Yangi kurtkaga 200 ming so‘m sarfladim.
- How much do you spend on food every month?Har oy ovqatga qancha pul sarflaysiz?
- He spends all his money on cars.U barcha pulini mashinalarga sarflaydi.
waste — behuda sarflamoq
waste — “isrof qilmoq”, “behuda o‘tkazmoq”. Tuzilishi spend bilan bir xil.
- Don’t waste time worrying about it.U haqida xavotirlanib vaqtingni behuda o‘tkazma.
- I wasted the whole morning looking for my keys.Butun ertalabni kalitlarimni qidirib behuda o‘tkazdim.
- Stop wasting money on things you don’t need!Kerak bo‘lmagan narsalarga pul sovurishni bas qil!
- It’s a waste of time.Bu vaqtni behuda sarflash.
- What a waste of money!Pulni naqadar behuda sarflash!
a waste of time / money — juda ko‘p ishlatiladigan ibora: That meeting was a complete waste of time.
take — vaqtdan boshqa narsalar bilan
It takes faqat vaqt bilan emas, sifat, kuch, odam soni bilan ham ishlatiladi:
- It takes courage to say no.“Yo‘q” deyish uchun jasorat kerak.
- It takes a lot of patience to teach children.Bolalarga dars berish uchun ko‘p sabr kerak.
- It took four people to carry the piano.Pianinoni ko‘tarish uchun to‘rt kishi kerak bo‘ldi.
Uchta iborani solishtiring
| Ibora | Ega | Keyin | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| It takes | it | vaqt + to + fe’l | It takes an hour to cook. |
| spend | odam | vaqt + -ing | I spend an hour cooking. |
| waste | odam | vaqt + -ing | I wasted an hour cooking. |
Ikki gap bir xil voqeani aytadi, lekin nuqtai nazar farq qiladi:
- It took me two hours to clean the flat.Kvartirani tozalashga ikki soat ketdi. (qancha vaqt kerak bo‘ldi)
- I spent two hours cleaning the flat.Ikki soatni kvartirani tozalashga sarfladim. (vaqtimni qanday o‘tkazdim)
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Qancha vaqt kerakligini aytyapsizmi? → It takes + vaqt + to + fe’l.
- Kimga ekanini aytish kerakmi? → It takes me / him...
- Vaqtni qanday o‘tkazganingizni aytyapsizmi? → spend + vaqt + -ing.
- Behuda bo‘lganmi? → waste + vaqt + -ing.
- Pul haqidami? → spend / waste + pul + on + ot.
Misol: “Uyga yetib borishimga qirq daqiqa ketadi.”
- Qancha vaqt kerakligi → It takes.
- Kimga — menga → me.
Misol: “U kun bo‘yi telefonda gaplashib o‘tirdi.”
- Vaqtini qanday o‘tkazgani → spend + -ing.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ To the station goes ten minutes.
✓ It takes ten minutes to get to the station.
Vaqt haqida — It takes.
✗ It takes one hour for get there.
✓ It takes one hour to get there.
It takes + to + fe’l.
✗ I spend two hours to read every day.
✓ I spend two hours reading every day.
spend + -ing.
✗ How long it takes to get there?
✓ How long does it take to get there?
Savol tartibi.
✗ It took to me an hour.
✓ It took me an hour.
to kerak emas.
✗ I spent a lot of money for clothes.
✓ I spent a lot of money on clothes.
spend on.
✗ Don’t waste time to worry.
✓ Don’t waste time worrying.
waste + -ing.
✗ It is taking me 20 minutes every day.
✓ It takes me 20 minutes every day.
Odat — Present Simple.
✗ I took two hours to cooking.
✓ It took me two hours to cook.
to + oddiy fe’l.
✗ It was waste of time.
✓ It was a waste of time.
a waste of time.
Eslab qoling: It takes (me) + vaqt + to do; spend + vaqt + doing; waste + vaqt + doing; pul bilan — spend / waste money on sth.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Yangi hamkasb bilan
- — Where do you live?— Qayerda yashaysiz?
- — In Chilanzar. It takes me about an hour to get here by metro.— Chilonzorda. Bu yerga metroda kelishimga taxminan bir soat ketadi.
- — That’s a long time! What do you do on the train?— Ko‘p vaqt ekan! Poyezdda nima qilasiz?
- — I spend the time reading or learning new words.— Vaqtni kitob o‘qib yoki yangi so‘z yodlab o‘tkazaman.
- — Good idea. I just waste my time scrolling on my phone.— Yaxshi fikr. Men esa vaqtimni telefonni varaqlab behuda o‘tkazaman.
Ta’mirlash haqida
- — How long did it take you to paint the house?— Uyni bo‘yashga qancha vaqt ketdi?
- — It took us almost two weeks!— Deyarli ikki hafta ketdi!
- — And how much did you spend on paint?— Bo‘yoqqa qancha pul sarfladingiz?
- — Too much. And we wasted a whole day choosing the colour!— Juda ko‘p. Yana rang tanlashga bir kunni behuda o‘tkazdik!
Kichik matn: “Mening yakshanbam”
On Sundays I usually get up late. It takes me an hour to have breakfast because I like to relax. Then I spend a couple of hours cleaning the flat. In the afternoon I go shopping, but I try not to spend too much money on clothes. Last Sunday I wasted two hours waiting for a bus that never came — what a waste of time! In the evening I spend time with my family. It doesn’t take long to feel happy when you’re with the people you love.
Matndan It takes, spend va waste bilan tuzilgan gaplarni toping. Ulardan keyin to + fe’l keladimi yoki -ing shaklmi?
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- Toshkentdan Samarqandgacha poyezdda ikki soat ketadi. → It takes two hours to get from Tashkent to Samarkand by train.
- Ishga borishingizga qancha vaqt ketadi? → How long does it take you to get to work?
- U har kuni bir soat sport bilan shug‘ullanadi (vaqt sarflaydi). → She spends an hour doing sport every day.
- Kalitlarimni qidirib vaqtimni behuda o‘tkazdim. → I wasted time looking for my keys.
- Uyni topishimizga ko‘p vaqt ketdi. → It took us a long time to find the house.
- Kitoblarga ko‘p pul sarflayman. → I spend a lot of money on books.
- Bu vaqtni behuda sarflash edi. → It was a waste of time.
Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.
Qisqa xulosa
- It takes + vaqt + to + fe’l — ish uchun qancha vaqt kerak.
- Kimga: It takes me / her / us + vaqt + to + fe’l.
- Savol: How long does it take (you) to...?
- spend + vaqt + -ing — vaqtni biror ish bilan o‘tkazmoq.
- spend / waste + pul + on + ot.
- waste + vaqt + -ing — vaqtni behuda o‘tkazmoq; a waste of time.
- It takes + jasorat / sabr / odamlar + to + fe’l.