Will, Tend to, Keep -ing

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Odatlar haqida gapirishning eng oddiy usuli — Present Simple va ravishlar: He usually gets up at six. Lekin B2 darajasida odatlarni nozikroq va jonliroq ifodalash usullarini o‘rganamiz:

• will + fe’l — odamning xarakteriga xos odat: He’ll sit for hours without saying a word. — U soatlab bir og‘iz gapirmay o‘tiraveradi.
• would + fe’l — o‘tmishdagi takrorlanuvchi odat: When I was a child, my grandma would tell us stories.
• tend to + fe’l — umumiy moyillik: I tend to eat too much when I’m stressed.
• keep (on) + -ing — qayta-qayta, ko‘pincha asabga tegadigan takror: He keeps calling me!
• be always + -ing — tanqid, norozilik: She’s always losing her keys!

O‘zbekchada bu ma’nolar “...averadi”, “...ishga moyil”, “...gani-...gan”, “doim ...adi-da” kabi shakllar bilan beriladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. will — xarakterga xos odat.
2. would va used to — o‘tmishdagi odatlar.
3. tend to — umumiy moyillik.
4. keep (on) -ing — takrorlanuvchi harakat.
5. be always -ing — tanqid va norozilik.
6. Urg‘u bilan WILL — kuchli tanqid.

will — xarakterga xos odat

will odatda kelajak haqida, lekin bu darsda u hozirgi odatni bildiradi. Bu odat odamning tabiatiga xos: u shunaqa odam.

• My grandfather will sit in his garden for hours.Bobom bog‘ida soatlab o‘tiraveradi.
• She’ll often forget to eat when she’s busy.U band bo‘lganda ko‘pincha ovqat yeyishni unutib qo‘yadi.
• A cat will always land on its feet.Mushuk doim oyog‘i bilan yerga tushadi.
• He’ll happily talk to anyone about football.U futbol haqida har kim bilan bajonidil gaplashaveradi.
• If you leave milk out, it will go sour.Sutni ochiq qoldirsangiz, u achib qoladi.

Bu will odatda neytral yoki ijobiy ohangga ega, ko‘pincha often, sometimes, always bilan birga keladi.

Urg‘u bilan WILL — kuchli tanqid

Agar will ni kuchli urg‘u bilan aytsangiz (qisqartirmasdan), u norozilikni bildiradi: “doim shunday qiladi, asabimga tegadi!”

• He WILL leave his dirty socks on the floor!U doim iflos paypoqlarini yerga tashlab ketadi!
• She WILL keep interrupting me!U doim gapimni bo‘laveradi!

Batafsil — C1 darajasidagi “Odat va tanqid: will / would” darsida.

would — o‘tmishdagi odat

would + fe’l — o‘tmishda takrorlangan harakat. Bu used to ga yaqin, lekin farqi bor.

• When I was a child, my grandmother would tell us stories every night.Bolaligimda buvim har oqshom bizga ertak aytib berardi.
• Every summer we would go to the mountains.Har yozda tog‘ga borardik.
• After dinner, my father would read the newspaper.Kechki ovqatdan keyin otam gazeta o‘qirdi.
• On Sundays, we would all have lunch together.Yakshanba kunlari hammamiz birga tushlik qilardik.

would va used to farqi

Qoida: holat fe’llari (live, have, be, know, like) bilan faqat used to. would odatda hikoyada, used to bilan birga, vaqt ko‘rsatkichi bor bo‘lganda ishlatiladi:

• I used to love summer holidays. We would wake up early and run to the river.Yozgi ta’tilni juda yaxshi ko‘rardim. Erta turib daryoga yugurardik.

tend to — moyillik

tend to + fe’l — “...ga moyil”, “odatda ...adi”. U umumiy tendensiya yoki odatiy xatti-harakat haqida gapiradi va usually dan yumshoqroq, ehtiyotkorroq eshitiladi.

• I tend to eat too much when I’m nervous.Hayajonlanganimda ko‘p yeb qo‘yishga moyilman.
• People tend to spend more money at weekends.Odamlar dam olish kunlari ko‘proq pul sarflashga moyil.
• It tends to rain a lot in April.Aprelda odatda ko‘p yomg‘ir yog‘adi.
• My brother tends to exaggerate.Akam mubolag‘a qilishga moyil.
• Young people tend not to read newspapers.Yoshlar odatda gazeta o‘qishmaydi.
• I don’t tend to drink coffee in the evening.Kechqurun odatda qahva ichmayman.

tend to ning inkor shakli ikki xil: tend not to (rasmiyroq) va don’t tend to (oddiyroq).

tend to ilmiy va rasmiy yozuvda ham juda foydali, chunki u fikrni yumshatadi: Women tend to live longer than men. — bu “hamma ayollar” degani emas.

keep (on) + -ing — qayta-qayta

keep + -ing — harakat qayta-qayta takrorlanadi yoki to‘xtamaydi. Ko‘pincha asabga tegadigan narsalar haqida.

• My phone keeps switching off.Telefonim qayta-qayta o‘chib qolyapti.
• He keeps calling me at night.U kechasi menga qayta-qayta qo‘ng‘iroq qilyapti.
• I keep forgetting her name!Uning ismini doim unutib qo‘yaman!
• Keep going! You’re almost there!Davom eting! Oz qoldi!
• She kept on talking even when nobody was listening.Hech kim tinglamayotgan bo‘lsa ham u gapiraverdi.

keep on — keep dan biroz kuchliroq: “to‘xtamay davom etaverdi”.

Diqqat: keep to call — xato. keep dan keyin doim -ing.

be always + -ing — tanqid

Present Continuous + always (yoki constantly, forever) — hozirgi takrorlanuvchi odat haqida norozilik. Bu oddiy Present Simple’dan farq qiladi:

• He always arrives late.U doim kechikadi. (neytral fakt)
• He’s always arriving late!U doim kechikadi-da! (norozilik)

• You’re always losing your keys!Doim kalitingni yo‘qotasan-a!
• She’s constantly complaining about her job.U doim ishidan shikoyat qilaveradi.
• My neighbours are forever having parties.Qo‘shnilarim doim ziyofat qilishadi.
• He was always borrowing money from me.U doim mendan qarz so‘rardi. (o‘tmishda)

O‘tmishda: was / were always + -ing — o‘tmishdagi asabga tegadigan odat.

Diqqat: bu shakl ijobiy ma’noda ham ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin kamroq: She’s always helping people. — U doim odamlarga yordam beradi.

Barcha shakllarni solishtiring

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. O‘tmishmi yoki hozirmi?
2. O‘tmish: holat fe’li → used to; takrorlangan harakat → would yoki used to.
3. Hozir: umumiy moyillik → tend to; xarakter → will; asabga tegadigan takror → keep -ing yoki be always -ing.

Misol: “Bolaligimda bobom bizni har kuni bog‘ga olib borardi.”

1. O‘tmish, takrorlangan harakat → would.

Misol: “Men stressda bo‘lganimda kam uxlashga moyilman.”

1. Hozirgi moyillik → tend to.

Misol: “U doim mening narsalarimni so‘ramay olib qo‘yadi!”

1. Hozirgi, norozilik → be always + -ing.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: tend to + fe’l — moyillik; keep + -ing — takror; be always + -ing — norozilik; would — o‘tmishdagi harakat (holat emas!).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Xonadosh haqida shikoyat

• — How’s your new flatmate?— Yangi xonadoshing qanday?
• — Terrible! He’s always leaving dirty dishes in the sink.— Dahshat! Doim iflos idishlarni lavaboda qoldiradi.
• — Oh no.— Voy.
• — And he keeps playing loud music at midnight.— Yana yarim tunda baland musiqa qo‘yaveradi.
• — Have you talked to him?— U bilan gaplashdingmi?
• — Yes, but he tends to forget everything I say!— Ha, lekin u men aytgan hamma narsani unutishga moyil!

Bolalik xotiralari

• — What was your childhood like?— Bolaligingiz qanday o‘tgan?
• — Wonderful. We used to live in a village near Namangan.— Ajoyib. Namangan yaqinidagi qishloqda yashardik.
• — Did you have a lot of friends?— Do‘stlaringiz ko‘pmidi?
• — Yes! We would play football in the street until it got dark, and my mother would call us in for dinner.— Ha! Qorong‘i tushguncha ko‘chada futbol o‘ynardik, onam esa bizni kechki ovqatga chaqirardi.
• — That sounds lovely.— Juda yoqimli eshitiladi.

Kichik matn: “Mening buvim”

My grandmother is 85, and she has some funny habits. She’ll often sit by the window for hours, watching the people in the street. She tends to wake up very early — usually before five — and she’ll always make a big pot of tea for the whole family. She keeps asking me when I’m going to get married, which is a bit annoying! When I was little, she would bake bread every Friday, and I would help her. She used to have a big garden, but now she can’t work in it any more. She’s always telling us stories about the old days, and I never get tired of listening.

Matnda odatni bildiruvchi har bir shaklni toping: will, tend to, keep -ing, would, used to, be always -ing. Qaysilari hozirgi, qaysilari o‘tmishdagi odatlar?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Odamlar dam olish kunlari ko‘proq uxlashga moyil. → People tend to sleep more at weekends.
2. Kompyuterim qayta-qayta o‘chib qolyapti. → My computer keeps switching off.
3. U doim kechikadi-da! (norozilik) → He’s always being late! / He’s always arriving late!
4. Bolaligimda otam bizga har kuni kitob o‘qib berardi. → When I was a child, my father would read to us every day.
5. Men ilgari Samarqandda yashardim. → I used to live in Samarkand.
6. Bobom bog‘da soatlab ishlayveradi. → My grandfather will work in the garden for hours.
7. Men kechqurun odatda qahva ichmayman. → I tend not to drink coffee in the evening.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• will + fe’l — xarakterga xos hozirgi odat; urg‘u bilan WILL — norozilik.
• would + fe’l — o‘tmishdagi takrorlangan harakat (holat emas).
• used to — o‘tmishdagi harakat va holat.
• tend to + fe’l — moyillik; inkor: tend not to / don’t tend to.
• keep (on) + -ing — qayta-qayta, ko‘pincha asabga tegadi.
• be always / constantly / forever + -ing — norozilik bilan aytilgan odat.