Countries and Nationalities

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Inglizchada davlat nomi va millat (sifat) nomi — ikki xil so‘z. Uzbekistan — davlat, Uzbek — millat, til va sifat. O‘zbekchada “O‘zbekistonlik” yoki “o‘zbek” deymiz, inglizchada esa har bir davlatning o‘z millat so‘zi bor.

Ikkalasi ham doim katta harf bilan yoziladi.

• I’m from Uzbekistan. I’m Uzbek.Men O‘zbekistondanman. Men o‘zbekman.
• She’s from Turkey. She’s Turkish.U Turkiyadan. U turk.
• I love Italian food.Men italyan taomini yaxshi ko‘raman.
• They speak Russian and English.Ular rus va ingliz tillarida gapiradi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Davlat va millat so‘zlarining farqi.
2. Millat so‘zlarining qo‘shimchalari: -an, -ish, -ese, -i.
3. Qayerdanligini so‘rash va aytish.
4. Millat so‘zi bilan artikl: the Japanese, an Uzbek.
5. Tillar nomlari.

Qo‘shimchalarga qarab guruhlar

Noodatiy shakllar

Qayerdanligini so‘rash va aytish

Diqqat: I’m from Uzbek — xato. from dan keyin davlat keladi. I’m Uzbekistan — ham xato. Millat so‘zi fromsiz ishlatiladi.

• — Where are you from? — I’m from Korea.— Qayerdansiz? — Koreyadanman.
• — Are you Chinese? — No, I’m Japanese.— Siz xitoylikmisiz? — Yo‘q, yaponman.
• He’s German, but he lives in France.U nemis, lekin Fransiyada yashaydi.

Sifat sifatida

Millat so‘zi otdan oldin sifat bo‘lib keladi:

• Uzbek plovo‘zbek oshi
• a Japanese caryapon mashinasi
• Turkish coffeeturk qahvasi
• an English teacheringliz tili o‘qituvchisi

an Uzbek — Uzbek unli tovush bilan boshlangani uchun an keladi: an Uzbek writer.

Xalq haqida umumiy gap

Butun xalq haqida gapirganda:

• The Japanese love tea.Yaponlar choyni yaxshi ko‘radi.
• Uzbeks are very hospitable.O‘zbeklar juda mehmondo‘st.

Davlat, sifat, odam va til — to‘rt shakl

Har bir davlat uchun ingliz tilida to‘rtta shakl bor va ular har doim ham bir xil emas:

• Uzbekistan is a beautiful country.O‘zbekiston — go‘zal davlat. (davlat)
• I love Uzbek plov.O‘zbek oshini yaxshi ko‘raman. (sifat)
• My friend is an Uzbek from Samarkand.Do‘stim samarqandlik o‘zbek. (odam)
• The Uzbeks are famous for their hospitality.O‘zbeklar mehmondo‘stligi bilan mashhur. (xalq)
• She speaks Uzbek and Russian.U o‘zbek va rus tillarida gapiradi. (til)

Diqqat: -ese, -sh, -ch bilan tugaydigan sifatlar odam uchun ot sifatida yaxshi ishlamaydi: a Chinese — g‘alati; a Chinese person / a Chinese man — to‘g‘ri. Batafsil — C1 darajasidagi “the + sifat” darsida.

Shaharliklar: Tashkenter? Londoner!

Ba’zi shaharlar uchun maxsus so‘z bor, lekin ko‘pchiligida from bilan aytish xavfsizroq:

• He’s a Londoner.U londonlik.
• She’s a New Yorker.U nyu-yorklik.
• I’m from Tashkent.Men toshkentlikman. (“Tashkenter” deb deyilmaydi)
• They’re from Bukhara.Ular buxorolik.

Bosh harf va artikl

Davlat, millat va til nomlari — doim bosh harf bilan:

Ba’zi davlat nomlari the bilan keladi — odatda ular republic, kingdom, states so‘zlarini yoki ko‘plik shaklini o‘z ichiga oladi:

• the USA, the UK, the United Arab EmiratesAQSH, Buyuk Britaniya, BAA
• the Netherlands, the PhilippinesNiderlandiya, Filippin
• Uzbekistan, France, Japan (artiklsiz)O‘zbekiston, Fransiya, Yaponiya

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Davlatni aniqlang: Spain.
2. Millat so‘zini toping: Spain → Spanish.
3. Tuzilmani tanlang: I’m from + davlat yoki I’m + millat.

Misol: “U Xitoydan, u xitoylik.”

1. Davlat: China. Millat: Chinese.

Misol: “Men turk taomini yoqtiraman.”

1. Sifat sifatida: Turkey → Turkish.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: from + davlat (from Uzbekistan), I’m + millat (I’m Uzbek). Ikkalasi ham katta harf bilan.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Xalqaro lagerda

• — Hi! Where are you from?— Salom! Qayerdansiz?
• — I’m from Uzbekistan. And you?— O‘zbekistondanman. Siz-chi?
• — I’m Brazilian. What languages do you speak?— Men braziliyalikman. Qaysi tillarda gapirasiz?
• — Uzbek, Russian and a little English.— O‘zbek, rus va ozgina ingliz tilida.
• — Cool! I speak Portuguese and Spanish.— Zo‘r! Men portugal va ispan tillarida gapiraman.

Aeroportda pasport nazorati

• — Good morning. Where are you from?— Xayrli tong. Qayerdansiz?
• — I’m from Uzbekistan.— O‘zbekistondanman.
• — What’s your nationality?— Millatingiz?
• — I’m Uzbek.— O‘zbekman.
• — Do you speak English?— Inglizcha gapirasizmi?
• — Yes, a little. I also speak Russian and Turkish.— Ha, biroz. Rus va turk tillarida ham gapiraman.
• — Thank you. Enjoy your stay in the UK.— Rahmat. Buyuk Britaniyada yaxshi dam oling.

Kichik matn: “Xalqaro sinfimiz”

My English class in London is very international. My teacher, Anna, is British — she’s from Manchester. There are twelve students. Kenji is Japanese, and Mei is Chinese. Carlos is from Spain — he’s Spanish, and he speaks Spanish and Catalan. Ayşe is Turkish. Pierre is French, and he cooks amazing French food. And me? I’m Uzbek, from Namangan. Everyone loves my stories about Uzbekistan, especially about Uzbek weddings!

Matnda davlat, sifat, odam va til nomlarini toping. Har biri bosh harf bilan yozilganiga e’tibor bering.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Germany → German
2. China → Chinese
3. France → French
4. Kazakhstan → Kazakh
5. I’m from ___. (O‘zbekiston) → Uzbekistan
6. She’s ___ writer. (an / a) Uzbek → an
7. Ular buxorolik. → They’re from Bukhara.
8. U yapon (qiz). → She’s Japanese.
9. Fransuzlar sharobi bilan mashhur. → The French are famous for their wine.
10. Men AQShda yashayman. → I live in the USA.

Qisqa xulosa

• Davlat va millat — ikki xil so‘z: Uzbekistan / Uzbek.
• Qo‘shimchalar: -an, -ish, -ese, -i; noodatiylari: French, Greek, Dutch, Swiss.
• I’m from + davlat; I’m + millat.
• Millat so‘zi = til = sifat: I speak Uzbek, Uzbek food.
• Hammasi katta harf bilan.
• Xalq: the Japanese, the French, lekin Uzbeks, Germans.