Comment Adverbs

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Munosabat ravishlari (comment / sentence adverbs) — gapning bitta so‘zini emas, butun gapni baholaydi. Ular gapiruvchining fikri, munosabati yoki ishonch darajasini bildiradi:

Frankly, I don’t like him. — Ochig‘ini aytsam, men uni yoqtirmayman. Surprisingly, nobody noticed. — Ajablanarlisi, hech kim sezmadi. Admittedly, it’s expensive. — To‘g‘ri, tan olaman, bu qimmat.

Taqqoslang:

She spoke honestly. — U halol gapirdi. (oddiy holat ravishi — qanday gapirdi?) Honestly, I don’t know. — Rostini aytsam, bilmayman. (munosabat ravishi — gapiruvchining munosabati)

O‘zbek tilida bu ma’no ko‘pincha kirish so‘zlari bilan beriladi: rostini aytsam, afsuski, xayriyatki, ehtimol, shubhasiz, ajablanarlisi. Ingliz tilida esa ko‘pincha bitta ravish yetarli — bu nutqni ancha ixcham va tabiiy qiladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Ochiqlik ravishlari: frankly, honestly, personally.
2. His-tuyg‘u ravishlari: luckily, unfortunately, sadly, hopefully.
3. Ishonch darajasi: obviously, clearly, apparently, arguably.
4. Baho ravishlari: surprisingly, interestingly, ironically.
5. Tan olish va qarama-qarshilik: admittedly, undoubtedly, understandably.
6. Gapdagi o‘rni va ma’no farqi.

Ochiqlik ravishlari

Gapiruvchi o‘z fikrini ochiq aytayotganini ko‘rsatadi:

• Frankly, I think the plan won’t work.Ochig‘ini aytsam, menimcha reja ish bermaydi.
• Honestly, I’ve never heard of him.Rostini aytsam, u haqida hech eshitmaganman.
• Personally, I don’t see the problem.Shaxsan men muammoni ko‘rmayapman.
• Seriously, are you going to quit your job?Jiddiy aytganda, ishingdan ketmoqchimisan?

frankly ko‘pincha salbiy yoki noqulay fikrdan oldin keladi.

His-tuyg‘u ravishlari

Gapiruvchi voqeaga nisbatan his-tuyg‘usini bildiradi:

• Luckily, nobody was hurt.Xayriyatki, hech kim jarohat olmadi.
• Unfortunately, the shop was closed.Afsuski, do‘kon yopiq edi.
• Sadly, my grandfather died last year.Afsuski, bobom o‘tgan yili vafot etdi.
• Hopefully, the weather will be better tomorrow.Umid qilamanki, ertaga ob-havo yaxshiroq bo‘ladi.
• Thankfully, the rain stopped before the wedding.Xayriyat, to‘y oldidan yomg‘ir to‘xtadi.
• Regrettably, we cannot offer you the position.Afsuski, sizga lavozimni taklif qila olmaymiz. (rasmiy xat)

hopefully = I hope that... So‘zlashuvda juda keng tarqalgan.

Ishonch darajasi ravishlari

Gapiruvchi fikrning qanchalik aniq ekanini ko‘rsatadi:

• Obviously, he didn’t read the instructions.Ko‘rinib turibdiki, u ko‘rsatmalarni o‘qimagan.
• Clearly, something is wrong.Aniqki, nimadir noto‘g‘ri.
• Apparently, the meeting has been cancelled.Aytishlaricha, yig‘ilish bekor qilingan.
• Presumably, you’ve already heard the news.Taxminimcha, yangilikni allaqachon eshitgansiz.
• Messi is arguably the best footballer of all time.Messi, ehtimol, barcha davrlarning eng yaxshi futbolchisidir.
• Undoubtedly, this is the most important decision.Shubhasiz, bu eng muhim qaror.

apparently — ma’lumot boshqa manbadan (eshitgan, o‘qigan) olinganini bildiradi. arguably — akademik yozuvda juda foydali: fikrni kuchli, lekin ehtiyotkor aytadi.

Baho ravishlari

Voqeaning qanday ekanini baholaydi — kutilgan, qiziq, kulgili:

• Surprisingly, the exam was very easy.Ajablanarlisi, imtihon juda oson edi.
• Unsurprisingly, prices went up again.Ajablanarli emaski, narxlar yana oshdi.
• Interestingly, women live longer than men in most countries.Qizig‘i shundaki, aksariyat davlatlarda ayollar erkaklardan uzoqroq yashaydi.
• Ironically, the fire station burned down.Kinoyali tomoni shundaki, yong‘in o‘chirish stansiyasi yonib ketdi.
• Strangely, nobody heard the noise.G‘alati tomoni shundaki, hech kim shovqinni eshitmadi.
• Naturally, everyone was upset.Tabiiyki, hamma xafa bo‘ldi.

Tan olish va boshqa munosabatlar

• Admittedly, the hotel was expensive, but it was worth it.To‘g‘ri, mehmonxona qimmat edi, lekin bunga arzirdi.
• He was, understandably, nervous before the interview.Suhbat oldidan u, tabiiyki, hayajonlangan edi.
• Ideally, you should drink two litres of water a day.Ideal holatda kuniga ikki litr suv ichish kerak.
• Technically, the shop is closed, but they might let you in.Rasman do‘kon yopiq, lekin sizni kiritishlari mumkin.

admittedly ko‘pincha but bilan birga keladi: Admittedly, X, but Y. Bu insho va munozarada juda foydali — qarshi fikrni tan olib, o‘z fikringizni kuchaytirasiz.

Gapdagi o‘rni

Munosabat ravishlari ko‘pincha gap boshida keladi, lekin o‘rtada va oxirida ham bo‘lishi mumkin:

• Frankly, he’s a liar.Ochig‘ini aytsam, u yolg‘onchi. (boshida — eng ko‘p)
• He is, frankly, a liar.U, ochig‘ini aytganda, yolg‘onchi. (o‘rtada, vergullar bilan)
• He’s a liar, frankly.U yolg‘onchi, ochig‘ini aytsam. (oxirida, so‘zlashuv)
• She obviously knows the answer.U javobni aniq biladi. (fe’ldan oldin, vergulsiz)

Ma’no farqi: munosabat ravishi va holat ravishi

Bir xil so‘z ikki xil ma’noda ishlatilishi mumkin:

Vergul farqni ko‘rsatadi: munosabat ravishi gap boshida bo‘lsa, undan keyin vergul qo‘yiladi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Gapiruvchining munosabatini qo‘shmoqchimisiz? (fikr, his-tuyg‘u, ishonch, baho)
2. To‘g‘ri ravishni tanlang:
   • ochiqlik → frankly, honestly, personally;
   • his-tuyg‘u → luckily, unfortunately, hopefully;
   • ishonch → obviously, apparently, arguably;
   • baho → surprisingly, interestingly, ironically;
   • tan olish → admittedly.
3. Gap boshiga qo‘ying va vergul qo‘shing.

Misol: “Afsuski, poyezd kechikdi.”

1. His-tuyg‘u → Unfortunately.

Misol: “Aytishlaricha, u ishdan ketibdi.”

1. Boshqa manbadan eshitilgan → Apparently.

Misol: “To‘g‘ri, reja xavfli, lekin bunga arziydi.”

1. Tan olish + zidlash → Admittedly, ..., but...

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: Frankly, Honestly, Luckily, Unfortunately, Hopefully, Obviously, Apparently, Surprisingly, Admittedly — gap boshida + vergul; ular butun gapni baholaydi.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish yig‘ilishida

• — What do you think of the new design?— Yangi dizayn haqida nima deb o‘ylaysiz?
• — Frankly, I think it’s too complicated.— Ochig‘ini aytsam, menimcha juda murakkab.
• — Admittedly, it’s not perfect, but the client likes it.— To‘g‘ri, u mukammal emas, lekin mijozga yoqyapti.
• — Apparently, they want it finished by Friday.— Aytishlaricha, ular uni jumagacha tugatishni xohlashyapti.
• — Hopefully, we can make some changes before then.— Umid qilamanki, ungacha biroz o‘zgartirish kirita olamiz.
• — Ideally, yes. But realistically, we don’t have time.— Ideal holatda, ha. Lekin real qarasak, vaqtimiz yo‘q.

Insho xulosasi

• Undoubtedly, technology has improved our lives in many ways.Shubhasiz, texnologiya hayotimizni ko‘p jihatdan yaxshiladi.
• Admittedly, it has also created new problems, such as addiction.To‘g‘ri, u qaramlik kabi yangi muammolarni ham keltirib chiqardi.
• Arguably, however, the benefits outweigh the disadvantages.Biroq, ehtimol, afzalliklari kamchiliklaridan ustundir.

Kichik matn: “Omadli kun”

Yesterday started badly. Unfortunately, my alarm didn’t go off, and I woke up an hour late. Luckily, my boss was also late, so nobody noticed. Apparently, there had been an accident on the main road. Surprisingly, the rest of the day went perfectly. I finished all my work early and, amazingly, my manager praised my report. Ironically, the day that began so badly turned out to be one of the best of the month. Honestly, I don’t know why I was so worried in the morning. Hopefully, today will be just as good!

Matndagi har bir munosabat ravishini toping va uni turiga qarab ajrating: his-tuyg‘u, ishonch, baho yoki ochiqlik.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Ochig‘ini aytsam, bu film menga yoqmadi. → Frankly, I didn’t like this film.
2. Xayriyatki, hech kim jarohat olmadi. → Luckily, nobody was hurt.
3. Umid qilamanki, ertaga quyoshli bo‘ladi. → Hopefully, it will be sunny tomorrow.
4. Aytishlaricha, u turmushga chiqibdi. → Apparently, she has got married.
5. Ajablanarlisi, imtihon oson edi. → Surprisingly, the exam was easy.
6. To‘g‘ri, bu qimmat, lekin sifatli. → Admittedly, it’s expensive, but it’s good quality.
7. Ko‘rinib turibdiki, u charchagan. → Obviously, he’s tired.
8. Kinoyali tomoni shundaki, shifokor kasal bo‘lib qoldi. → Ironically, the doctor fell ill.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Munosabat ravishlari butun gapni baholaydi, odatda gap boshida + vergul.
• Ochiqlik: frankly, honestly, personally, seriously.
• His-tuyg‘u: luckily, fortunately, unfortunately, sadly, hopefully, thankfully.
• Ishonch: obviously, clearly, apparently, presumably, arguably, undoubtedly.
• Baho: surprisingly, interestingly, ironically, strangely, naturally.
• Tan olish: admittedly (+ but), understandably, ideally, technically.
• Bir xil so‘z holat ravishi ham bo‘ladi: He answered honestly vs Honestly, I don’t know.