Adverb Position

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbek tilida ravishni gapning deyarli istalgan joyiga qo‘yish mumkin: Men har doim ertalab choy ichaman yoki Men ertalab har doim choy ichaman. Ingliz tilida esa ravishning o‘rni qat’iyroq va u ravish turiga bog‘liq.

Ingliz tilidagi gapda ravish uchun uchta asosiy joy bor:

1. Boshida (front): Unfortunately, I missed the bus.
2. O‘rtada (mid) — fe’l yonida: I often miss the bus.
3. Oxirida (end): I missed the bus yesterday.

Eng muhim qoida: ravish fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasiga qo‘yilmaydi:

She speaks English well. ✓ — She speaks well English. ✗

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. O‘rta pozitsiya: fe’ldan oldin, to be va yordamchi fe’ldan keyin.
2. Chastota ravishlari va noaniq ravishlar.
3. Oxirgi pozitsiya: holat, joy, vaqt — va ularning tartibi.
4. Boshlang‘ich pozitsiya: munosabat va bog‘lovchi ravishlar.
5. Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasiga ravish qo‘yilmaydi.
6. Ma’noni o‘zgartiradigan o‘rinlar: only, even, also.

O‘rta pozitsiya

O‘rta pozitsiyadagi ravishlar fe’l yonida turadi. Aniq joyi fe’l turiga bog‘liq:

• I usually have breakfast at seven.Odatda soat yettida nonushta qilaman.
• She is always happy.U doim xursand.
• We have just finished dinner.Biz hozirgina kechki ovqatni tugatdik.
• You should never lie to your parents.Ota-onangizga hech qachon yolg‘on gapirmaslik kerak.
• They will probably arrive tomorrow.Ular ehtimol ertaga yetib kelishadi.
• I don’t often go to the cinema.Kinoga tez-tez bormayman.

O‘rtada keladigan ravishlar

• Chastota: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, ever
• Ehtimol: probably, definitely, certainly, possibly
• Vaqt (noaniq): just, already, still, soon, finally, recently
• Daraja: almost, nearly, hardly, really, quite
• Boshqa: also, even, only

• I almost forgot your birthday!Tug‘ilgan kuningni deyarli unutib qo‘ydim!
• He hardly ever calls me.U menga deyarli qo‘ng‘iroq qilmaydi.
• She also speaks French.U frantsuz tilida ham gapiradi.
• I definitely saw him yesterday.Men uni kecha aniq ko‘rdim.

probably va definitely — inkor bilan

Bu ravishlar inkor shakldan oldin turadi:

• He probably won’t come.U ehtimol kelmaydi. (won’t probably — kam ishlatiladi)
• I definitely don’t want to go.Men aniq borishni xohlamayman.

Oxirgi pozitsiya

Holat (qanday?), joy (qayerda?) va vaqt (qachon?) ravishlari odatda gap oxirida keladi. Bir nechtasi bo‘lsa, ularning tartibi:

• He drives carefully.U ehtiyot bo‘lib haydaydi.
• We waited outside for an hour.Biz tashqarida bir soat kutdik.
• She worked hard in the office all day.U kun bo‘yi ofisda qattiq ishladi.
• I’ll see you at the station at six.Seni soat oltida vokzalda ko‘raman.

Harakat fe’llari bilan (go, come, arrive) joy odatda holatdan oldin keladi:

• She went home quickly.U uyga tez ketdi.

Vaqt ravishlari boshida ham

Vaqt ravishlarini urg‘u berish uchun boshga ham qo‘yish mumkin:

• Yesterday I met an old friend. = I met an old friend yesterday.Kecha eski do‘stimni uchratdim.
• Last summer we went to Turkey.O‘tgan yozda Turkiyaga bordik.

Boshlang‘ich pozitsiya

Gap boshida odatda quyidagi ravishlar keladi va ulardan keyin vergul qo‘yiladi:

• Unfortunately, the shop was closed.Afsuski, do‘kon yopiq edi.
• Luckily, nobody was hurt.Xayriyatki, hech kim jarohat olmadi.
• Suddenly, the lights went out.To‘satdan chiroqlar o‘chib qoldi.
• However, I disagree with you.Biroq men siz bilan rozi emasman.
• Honestly, I don’t know.Rostini aytsam, bilmayman.

sometimes, usually, often ham urg‘u uchun gap boshiga chiqishi mumkin: Sometimes I feel lonely.

Lekin always, never, ever, hardly, rarely boshida odatda kelmaydi (Always I get up early — xato). Ular boshda kelsa, inversiya bo‘ladi (C1 darajasida): Never have I seen such beauty.

Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasiga — yo‘q!

Bu ingliz tilining eng qat’iy qoidalaridan biri. O‘zbek tilida “ingliz tilida yaxshi gapiradi” deyish odatiy, shuning uchun bu xato juda ko‘p uchraydi:

• I really like football.Futbolni juda yaxshi ko‘raman. (o‘rtada — to‘g‘ri)
• I like football a lot.Futbolni juda yaxshi ko‘raman. (oxirida — to‘g‘ri)
• She opened the door slowly.U eshikni sekin ochdi.
• She slowly opened the door.U eshikni sekin ochdi. (holat ravishi o‘rtada ham bo‘ladi)

Ma’noni o‘zgartiradigan o‘rinlar: only, even, also

only, even va also o‘zidan keyingi so‘zga ta’sir qiladi, shuning uchun o‘rni ma’noni o‘zgartiradi:

• Only I saw him.Faqat men uni ko‘rdim. (boshqa hech kim)
• I only saw him.Men uni faqat ko‘rdim. (gaplashmadim)
• I saw only him.Men faqat uni ko‘rdim. (boshqa hech kimni)
• Even my mum likes this song.Hatto onam ham bu qo‘shiqni yoqtiradi.
• She didn’t even say goodbye.U hatto xayrlashmadi ham.

So‘zlashuvda only ko‘pincha fe’ldan oldin keladi, ma’no esa intonatsiya bilan ko‘rsatiladi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Ravish qaysi turga kiradi?
   • Chastota, ehtimol, noaniq vaqt → o‘rtada.
   • Holat, joy, aniq vaqt → oxirida (holat → joy → vaqt).
   • Munosabat, bog‘lovchi → boshida, vergul bilan.
2. O‘rtada bo‘lsa: oddiy fe’ldan oldin, to be / yordamchidan keyin.
3. Tekshiring: ravish fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasida emasmi?

Misol: “U doim ishga kechikadi.”

1. always — chastota → o‘rtada.
2. is late — to be → to be dan keyin.

Misol: “U ingliz tilida juda yaxshi gapiradi.”

1. very well — holat → oxirida, to‘ldiruvchidan keyin.

Misol: “Afsuski, men uni kecha parkda ko‘rmadim.”

1. Unfortunately — boshida.
2. in the park (joy) → yesterday (vaqt).

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: chastota — fe’ldan oldin, to be dan keyin; holat → joy → vaqt — oxirida; munosabat — boshida. Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasiga — hech qachon.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Odatlar haqida

• — What do you usually do at weekends?— Dam olish kunlari odatda nima qilasiz?
• — I often visit my parents. And I sometimes go hiking.— Ko‘pincha ota-onamnikiga boraman. Ba’zan tog‘ga sayrga chiqaman.
• — Do you ever go to the cinema?— Kinoga ham borib turasizmi?
• — Hardly ever. I prefer watching films at home.— Deyarli yo‘q. Filmlarni uyda ko‘rishni afzal ko‘raman.
• — I really like going to the cinema. I go every week.— Men kinoga borishni juda yoqtiraman. Har hafta boraman.

Til o‘rganish haqida

• — Your English is great! You speak it very fluently.— Ingliz tiling ajoyib! Juda ravon gapirasan.
• — Thanks! I have always loved languages.— Rahmat! Tillarni doim yaxshi ko‘rganman.
• — How did you learn it?— Qanday o‘rganding?
• — I watched English films every day and never used subtitles. Honestly, it was hard at first.— Har kuni ingliz tilidagi filmlarni ko‘rdim va hech qachon subtitrdan foydalanmadim. Rostini aytsam, avvaliga qiyin edi.

Kichik matn: “Mening buvim”

My grandmother is 80, but she is still very active. She always gets up at five o’clock and usually works in the garden for two hours. She rarely watches TV — she really prefers reading. She speaks Russian very well and also knows some English. Unfortunately, her eyesight isn’t good, so she sometimes asks me to read to her. Surprisingly, she has never been to a doctor in her life! She walks slowly to the market every morning and always comes back with fresh bread.

Matndagi har bir ravishni toping va uning o‘rnini aniqlang: boshida, o‘rtada yoki oxirida. Oxirgi gapdagi slowly → to the market → every morning tartibiga e’tibor bering.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Men odatda soat sakkizda turaman. → I usually get up at eight.
2. U hech qachon kechikmaydi. → She is never late.
3. U ingliz tilida yaxshi gapiradi. → He speaks English well.
4. Men bu filmni hech qachon ko‘rmaganman. → I have never seen this film.
5. Afsuski, men kela olmayman. → Unfortunately, I can’t come.
6. U ehtimol kelmaydi. → He probably won’t come.
7. Men choyni juda yaxshi ko‘raman. → I like tea very much. / I really like tea.
8. U kecha konsertda ajoyib kuyladi. → She sang beautifully at the concert yesterday.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Ravish uchun uch joy: boshida, o‘rtada, oxirida.
• O‘rtada (chastota, ehtimol, just, already, also): oddiy fe’ldan oldin, to be va yordamchidan keyin.
• probably / definitely — inkordan oldin: He probably won’t...
• Oxirida: holat → joy → vaqt: She sang well there yesterday.
• Boshida: munosabat va bog‘lovchi ravishlar + vergul: Luckily, However, Suddenly.
• Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasiga ravish qo‘yilmaydi: speak English well (speak well English emas).
• only, even, also o‘rni ma’noni o‘zgartiradi.