Still, Any more, No longer

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Bu darsdagi so‘zlar vaqt o‘tishi bilan holat o‘zgargan yoki o‘zgarmaganini ko‘rsatadi:

• still — “hali ham, haligacha”: holat davom etyapti, o‘zgarmagan. He still lives with his parents. — U hali ham ota-onasi bilan yashaydi.
• not ... any more / anymore — “endi ... emas”: holat tugagan. She doesn’t work here any more. — U endi bu yerda ishlamaydi.
• no longer — xuddi shu ma’no, lekin rasmiyroq: She no longer works here.
• yet (qisqacha takrorlash) — “hali” (kutilgan ish bo‘lmagan): He hasn’t arrived yet.

Bu so‘zlarni vaqt chizig‘ida tasavvur qiling. O‘tmishda biror holat bor edi. Hozir-chi?

O‘zbekchada “hali”, “hali ham”, “endi”, “boshqa” so‘zlari bilan bu ma’nolar aytiladi. Lekin ingliz tilida bu so‘zlarning gapdagi o‘rni qat’iy, shuning uchun bu darsda o‘rniga alohida e’tibor beramiz.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. still — gapdagi o‘rni va ma’nosi.
2. still inkor gapda: I still haven’t...
3. not ... any more va not ... anymore.
4. no longer — rasmiy uslub.
5. still, yet va already farqi.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

still — hali ham

still holat kutilganidan uzoqroq davom etayotganini, ba’zan esa hayratni bildiradi.

• It’s ten o’clock and he’s still in bed!Soat o‘n bo‘ldi, u hali ham to‘shakda!
• Do you still live in Tashkent?Hali ham Toshkentda yashaysizmi?
• My grandmother is 90, but she still works in the garden.Buvim 90 yoshda, lekin hali ham bog‘da ishlaydi.
• I’ve told him twice, but he still doesn’t understand.Unga ikki marta aytdim, lekin hali ham tushunmaydi.
• Is it still raining?Hali ham yomg‘ir yog‘yaptimi?

still ning o‘rni

still ning joyi gapdagi fe’lga bog‘liq. Qoida boshqa ko‘p ravishlarniki bilan bir xil:

• We still have some time.Hali ham biroz vaqtimiz bor.
• The shop is still open.Do‘kon hali ham ochiq.
• I can still hear the music.Musiqani hali ham eshityapman.
• She has still got my book.Kitobim hali ham unda.

still inkor gapda

still inkor gapda ham ishlatiladi. Bunda u yordamchi fe’ldan oldin turadi va sabrsizlik, hayratni bildiradi: “haligacha ... emas”.

• I still haven’t finished my homework.Haligacha uy vazifamni tugatmadim.
• He still doesn’t know the answer.U haligacha javobni bilmaydi.
• She still can’t drive, and she’s thirty!U haligacha mashina hayday olmaydi, o‘ttiz yoshda bo‘lsa ham!
• They still haven’t paid me.Ular haligacha menga pul to‘lashmadi.

still ... not va not ... yet ma’nosi yaqin, lekin still kuchliroq — ko‘pincha norozilikni bildiradi:

• He hasn’t called yet.U hali qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi. (neytral)
• He still hasn’t called!U haligacha qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi! (sabrim tugayapti)

not ... any more / anymore — endi emas

Holat o‘tmishda bor edi, lekin hozir yo‘q. any more (yoki birga yozilgan anymore) gapning oxirida turadi va fe’l inkor shaklda bo‘ladi.

• I don’t eat meat any more.Endi go‘sht yemayman.
• She doesn’t live here any more.U endi bu yerda yashamaydi.
• We aren’t friends anymore.Biz endi do‘st emasmiz.
• This phone doesn’t work any more.Bu telefon endi ishlamaydi.
• He can’t play football any more because of his knee.Tizzasi tufayli u endi futbol o‘ynay olmaydi.
• I won’t do it any more, I promise.Endi bunday qilmayman, va’da beraman.

any more yoki anymore? Britaniya inglizchasida ikkalasi ham ishlatiladi, Amerika inglizchasida ko‘proq anymore birga yoziladi. Ma’no bir xil.

Diqqat: any more odatda bo‘lishli gapda ishlatilmaydi: I live here any more — xato. Faqat inkor yoki savolda: Do you still live there? — No, I don’t live there any more.

no longer — rasmiy uslub

no longer ma’nosi not ... any more bilan bir xil, lekin u rasmiyroq va yozma matnlarda, e’lonlarda, xatlarda ko‘p ishlatiladi. U o‘zi inkor ma’noga ega, shuning uchun fe’l bo‘lishli shaklda bo‘ladi.

• He no longer works for this company.U endi bu kompaniyada ishlamaydi.
• This product is no longer available.Bu mahsulot endi mavjud emas.
• We no longer accept cash.Biz endi naqd pul qabul qilmaymiz.
• The bridge is no longer safe.Ko‘prik endi xavfsiz emas.

Diqqat: He doesn’t no longer work — xato (ikki marta inkor). To‘g‘risi: He no longer works yoki He doesn’t work here any more.

Uchala shaklni solishtiring

still, yet va already

Bu uch so‘z ko‘pincha birga o‘rganiladi, chunki ularning hammasi “hozirgi holat” haqida:

• Are you still at work?Hali ham ishdamisiz?
• Have you finished yet?Tugatdingizmi?
• I’ve already eaten.Allaqachon ovqatlandim.
• She still hasn’t replied, but he has already sent three messages.U haligacha javob bermadi, lekin u (yigit) allaqachon uchta xabar yuborib qo‘ydi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Holat davom etyaptimi? → still.
2. Holat tugaganmi? So‘zlashuvda → not ... any more; rasmiy → no longer.
3. Kutilgan ish hali bo‘lmaganmi? Neytral → not ... yet; norozilik → still haven’t.
4. O‘rni: still — fe’ldan oldin yoki to be dan keyin; any more — oxirida; no longer — fe’ldan oldin.

Misol: “U endi bizning maktabda dars bermaydi.”

1. Holat tugagan, so‘zlashuv → not ... any more.

Misol: “Bu xizmat endi mavjud emas.” (rasmiy e’lon)

1. Rasmiy → no longer.

Misol: “Haligacha uning ismini eslay olmayapman!”

1. Norozilik, inkor → still can’t.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: still — hali ham (He still lives here); not ... any more — endi emas (He doesn’t live here any more); no longer — rasmiy (He no longer lives here).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Eski sinfdosh bilan uchrashuv

• — Do you still live in the same flat?— Hali ham o‘sha kvartirada yashaysanmi?
• — No, I don’t live there any more. We moved to Yunusabad.— Yo‘q, endi u yerda yashamayman. Yunusobodga ko‘chdik.
• — And do you still play the guitar?— Hali ham gitara chalasanmi?
• — Yes, I still play sometimes, but I don’t have much time any more.— Ha, ba’zan chalaman, lekin endi vaqtim ko‘p emas.
• — What about Aziz? Is he still working at the bank?— Aziz-chi? Hali ham bankda ishlayaptimi?
• — No, he no longer works there. He started his own business.— Yo‘q, u endi u yerda ishlamaydi. O‘z biznesini boshladi.

Do‘konda

• — Excuse me, do you still sell these headphones?— Kechirasiz, bu quloqchinlarni hali ham sotasizmi?
• — I’m sorry, that model is no longer available.— Kechirasiz, u model endi mavjud emas.
• — Oh, that’s a pity. I ordered one online, but it still hasn’t arrived.— Afsus. Internetdan bittasini buyurtma qildim, lekin haligacha kelmadi.

Kichik matn: “Mening qishlog‘im”

I grew up in a small village near Fergana. I don’t live there any more — I moved to Tashkent ten years ago. But my parents still live in our old house, and I still visit them every summer. The village has changed a lot. The old school is no longer open; the children now go to a new one in the next town. My best friend from childhood still lives next door to my parents. We aren’t as close as before, but we still call each other on our birthdays. And the river? It’s still there, just as beautiful as I remember.

Matndan still, not ... any more va no longer ni toping. Har birining gapdagi o‘rniga e’tibor bering.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. U hali ham uxlayapti. → He’s still sleeping.
2. Men endi qahva ichmayman. → I don’t drink coffee any more.
3. Bu restoran endi ochiq emas. (rasmiy) → This restaurant is no longer open.
4. Haligacha kitobni o‘qib tugatmadim. → I still haven’t finished the book.
5. Hali ham o‘sha kompaniyada ishlaysizmi? → Do you still work for that company?
6. Biz endi do‘st emasmiz. → We aren’t friends any more.
7. U hali ham ishda. → She is still at work.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• still — hali ham, holat davom etyapti: He still lives here.
• still oddiy fe’ldan oldin, to be va yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi.
• Inkorda still yordamchidan oldin: I still haven’t finished. — norozilik.
• not ... any more / anymore — endi emas, gap oxirida.
• no longer — rasmiy, fe’l bo‘lishli: He no longer works here.
• doesn’t ... no longer — ikki inkor, xato.
• yet — kutilgan ish hali bo‘lmagan; already — allaqachon.