Verb-Noun Collocations

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Kollokatsiya (collocation) — so‘zlarning tabiiy birikmasi, ya’ni ona tili sohiblari odatda birga ishlatadigan so‘zlar. Masalan, ingliz tilida:

make progress — rivojlanmoq (do progress) take action — chora ko‘rmoq (make action) pose a threat — tahdid solmoq (make a threat — boshqa ma’no) draw a conclusion — xulosa chiqarmoq (make a conclusion)

Grammatik jihatdan do progress ham to‘g‘ri tuzilgan, lekin u tabiiy emas — ona tili sohibi bunday demaydi. Kollokatsiyalarni bilish sizning ingliz tilingizni tabiiy va yetuk qiladi. IELTSda “Lexical Resource” bahosi aynan shunga bog‘liq.

O‘zbek tilida ham kollokatsiyalar bor: qaror qabul qilmoq (qaror qilmoq emas), xulosa chiqarmoq, chora ko‘rmoq. Ammo ingliz va o‘zbek kollokatsiyalari har doim mos kelmaydi, shuning uchun ularni yaxlit yodlash kerak.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. make bilan kollokatsiyalar.
2. take bilan kollokatsiyalar.
3. do, have va pay bilan.
4. Akademik kollokatsiyalar: pose, draw, raise, meet, reach.
5. Sifat + ot va ravish + fe’l kollokatsiyalari.
6. Kollokatsiyalarni qanday o‘rganish kerak.

make bilan

• You’ve made great progress this year.Bu yil katta yutuqqa erishdingiz.
• We need to make a decision by Friday.Jumagacha qaror qabul qilishimiz kerak.
• Small actions can make a big difference.Kichik harakatlar katta o‘zgarish yasashi mumkin.
• His explanation doesn’t make sense.Uning tushuntirishi mantiqqa to‘g‘ri kelmaydi.
• She made an important contribution to science.U ilm-fanga muhim hissa qo‘shdi.
• The company made a profit of $2 million.Kompaniya 2 million dollar foyda ko‘rdi.

take bilan

• The government must take action on climate change.Hukumat iqlim o‘zgarishiga qarshi chora ko‘rishi kerak.
• He refused to take responsibility for the mistake.U xato uchun mas’uliyatni o‘z zimmasiga olishdan bosh tortdi.
• Take advantage of the good weather!Yaxshi ob-havodan foydalaning!
• The meeting will take place on Monday.Yig‘ilish dushanba kuni bo‘lib o‘tadi.
• We must take these factors into account.Bu omillarni hisobga olishimiz kerak.
• The new law will take effect next year.Yangi qonun kelasi yildan kuchga kiradi.

do, have va pay bilan

do

• She is doing research on renewable energy.U qayta tiklanuvchi energiya bo‘yicha tadqiqot olib bormoqda.
• The storm did a lot of damage.Bo‘ron katta zarar yetkazdi.
• Smoking does harm to your health.Chekish sog‘liqqa zarar yetkazadi.

have

• Social media has a huge impact on young people.Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar yoshlarga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatadi.
• Many villages don’t have access to clean water.Ko‘plab qishloqlarda toza suvdan foydalanish imkoni yo‘q.
• I had difficulty finding your house.Uyingizni topishda qiynaldim.

pay

• Please pay attention to the instructions.Iltimos, ko‘rsatmalarga e’tibor bering.
• We paid a visit to our grandparents.Bobo-buvimizga tashrif buyurdik.
• The president paid tribute to the soldiers.Prezident askarlarga hurmat bajo keltirdi.

Akademik kollokatsiyalar

Bu kollokatsiyalar insho, hisobot va ilmiy matnlarda juda ko‘p ishlatiladi:

• Climate change poses a serious threat to humanity.Iqlim o‘zgarishi insoniyatga jiddiy tahdid soladi.
• From these results, we can draw several conclusions.Bu natijalardan bir nechta xulosa chiqarishimiz mumkin.
• The campaign aims to raise awareness of mental health.Kampaniya ruhiy salomatlik haqida xabardorlikni oshirishni maqsad qiladi.
• The new hospital will meet the needs of the community.Yangi kasalxona jamiyat ehtiyojlarini qondiradi.
• The two sides finally reached an agreement.Ikki tomon nihoyat kelishuvga kelishdi.
• Parents play an important role in education.Ota-onalar ta’limda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.
• The government must address the issue of unemployment.Hukumat ishsizlik masalasini hal qilishga kirishishi kerak.

Sifat + ot va ravish + fe’l

Kollokatsiyalar faqat fe’l + ot emas. Sifat + ot va ravish + fe’l/sifat ham bor:

Sifat + ot

Ravish + fe’l / sifat

• I strongly believe that education should be free.Ta’lim bepul bo‘lishi kerakligiga qat’iy ishonaman.
• It is highly likely that prices will rise.Narxlar oshishi ehtimoli juda katta.
• English is widely used in business.Ingliz tili biznesda keng qo‘llaniladi.
• Poverty and crime are closely linked.Qashshoqlik va jinoyatchilik chambarchas bog‘liq.

Kollokatsiyalarni qanday o‘rganish kerak

1. Yaxlit yodlang: “progress” emas, make progress deb yodlang.
2. O‘zbekchadan so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilmang: “qaror qilmoq” → make a decision (do a decision emas).
3. Kollokatsiya lug‘atidan foydalaning (Oxford Collocations Dictionary).
4. O‘qiyotganda birikmalarga e’tibor bering va yozib oling.
5. Guruhlab o‘rganing: make + ..., take + ....

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Asosiy otni toping: decision, action, research, threat.
2. Unga mos fe’lni eslang: make a decision, take action, do research, pose a threat.
3. Shubha bo‘lsa — kollokatsiya lug‘atini tekshiring.
4. Akademik matnda — pose, draw, raise, meet, address kabi kuchli fe’llarni ishlating.

Misol: “Biz bu natijalardan xulosa chiqardik.”

1. conclusion → draw / reach.

Misol: “Hukumat chora ko‘rishi kerak.”

1. action → take.

Misol: “Ifloslanish sog‘liqqa tahdid soladi.”

1. threat → pose.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: make progress / a decision / sense; take action / place / responsibility; do research / damage; pay attention; pose a threat; draw a conclusion; raise awareness; heavy rain.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

IELTS Writing Task 2

• Climate change poses one of the greatest threats to our planet.Iqlim o‘zgarishi sayyoramizga eng katta tahdidlardan birini soladi.
• Governments must take immediate action and raise awareness of the problem.Hukumatlar zudlik bilan chora ko‘rishi va muammo haqida xabardorlikni oshirishi kerak.
• Individuals can also make a difference by paying attention to their energy use.Alohida shaxslar ham energiya sarfiga e’tibor berish orqali o‘zgarish yasashi mumkin.
• From the evidence, we can draw the conclusion that urgent measures are needed.Dalillardan zudlik bilan choralar kerak degan xulosa chiqarishimiz mumkin.

Ishxonada

• — We need to make a decision about the new project.— Yangi loyiha haqida qaror qabul qilishimiz kerak.
• — I agree. But first, we should do some more research.— Roziman. Lekin avval biroz ko‘proq tadqiqot qilishimiz kerak.
• — Good idea. We must take into account the budget.— Yaxshi fikr. Byudjetni hisobga olishimiz kerak.
• — And who will take responsibility for the results?— Natijalar uchun kim mas’uliyatni o‘z zimmasiga oladi?
• — I will. I want to make a real contribution to this company.— Men. Bu kompaniyaga haqiqiy hissa qo‘shmoqchiman.

Kichik matn: “Ta’limning roli”

Education plays a vital role in the development of any country. It not only helps people gain experience and skills but also has a major impact on economic growth. However, in many parts of the world, children still do not have access to quality schools. This poses a serious threat to their future. Governments must take steps to address this issue. International organisations have made significant progress in recent years, but much more needs to be done. Researchers who conducted a recent survey drew the conclusion that investing in teachers makes the biggest difference.

Matndagi barcha kollokatsiyalarni toping va ularni guruhlarga ajrating: make, take, have, pose, draw va hokazo.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Siz katta yutuqqa erishdingiz. → You’ve made great progress.
2. Biz chora ko‘rishimiz kerak. → We must take action.
3. U tadqiqot olib bormoqda. → She is doing research.
4. Bu mantiqqa to‘g‘ri kelmaydi. → This doesn’t make sense.
5. Iltimos, e’tibor bering. → Please pay attention.
6. Ifloslanish tahdid soladi. → Pollution poses a threat.
7. Biz xulosa chiqardik. → We drew a conclusion.
8. Kecha kuchli yomg‘ir yog‘di. → There was heavy rain yesterday.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Kollokatsiya — so‘zlarning tabiiy birikmasi; uni yaxlit yodlang.
• make: progress, a decision, an effort, a difference, sense, a contribution, a profit.
• take: action, responsibility, advantage of, place, steps, part, into account, effect.
• do: research, damage, harm, business; have: an impact / effect, access, influence; pay: attention, a visit, tribute.
• Akademik: pose a threat, draw a conclusion, raise awareness, meet a need, reach an agreement, address an issue, play a role.
• Sifat + ot: heavy rain, strong coffee, vast majority; ravish: strongly believe, widely used.