Future Perfect Continuous

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Future Perfect Continuous — kelajakdagi ma’lum bir nuqtaga kelib biror harakat qancha vaqtdan beri davom etayotgan bo‘lishini aytadi. Bu zamonning asosiy savoli: “O‘sha paytga kelib necha vaqtdan beri ... bo‘lamiz?”

By June, I will have been working here for ten years. — Iyunga kelib bu yerda o‘n yildan beri ishlayotgan bo‘laman.

Bu gapda uchta narsa bor:

1. Harakat o‘tmishda boshlangan (o‘n yil oldin ishga kirganman).
2. U hozir ham davom etyapti.
3. U kelajakdagi nuqtaga (iyun) qadar davom etadi — va shu nuqtada biz uning davomiyligini o‘lchaymiz.

O‘zbekchada bunday alohida zamon yo‘q. Biz “...ga kelib ... yildan beri ...ayotgan bo‘laman” yoki oddiygina “iyunda o‘n yil bo‘ladi, bu yerda ishlayotganimga” deymiz. Ingliz tilida esa bu ma’no bitta grammatik shakl bilan aytiladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Tuzilishi: will have been + -ing.
2. Asosiy vazifa: kelajakdagi nuqtagacha davomiylik.
3. Kelajakdagi holatning sababini taxmin qilish.
4. Future Perfect va Future Perfect Continuous farqi.
5. Bu zamon qaysi fe’llar bilan ishlatilmaydi.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Tuzilishi

Bu zamon to‘rt qismdan iborat va barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil:

Qisqa shakllar: I’ll have been working, she’ll have been studying, won’t have been waiting.

• By next month, I will have been learning English for three years.Kelasi oyga kelib ingliz tilini o‘rganayotganimga uch yil bo‘ladi.
• At 6 p.m., she will have been driving for eight hours.Kechki oltida u sakkiz soatdan beri mashina haydayotgan bo‘ladi.
• In 2030, they will have been living in Canada for twenty years.2030-yilda ular Kanadada yashayotganlariga yigirma yil bo‘ladi.
• By the time you arrive, we will have been waiting for two hours.Siz yetib kelguningizcha biz ikki soatdan beri kutib turgan bo‘lamiz.

Diqqat: has yoki had ishlatilmaydi — will dan keyin doim have: She will have been working (will has — xato).

Asosiy vazifa: davomiylik

Bu zamon deyarli doim ikki vaqt ko‘rsatkichi bilan keladi:

• by + kelajakdagi nuqta (by June, by the end of the year, by 2030, by the time...);
• for + davr (for ten years, for two hours, for a long time).

• By the end of the year, he will have been running the company for a decade.Yil oxiriga kelib u kompaniyani o‘n yildan beri boshqarayotgan bo‘ladi.
• By midnight, the children will have been playing for five hours.Yarim tunga kelib bolalar besh soatdan beri o‘ynayotgan bo‘lishadi.
• When he retires, he will have been teaching for forty years.Nafaqaga chiqqanida u qirq yil dars bergan bo‘ladi.
• Next week, we will have been married for ten years.Kelasi haftada turmush qurganimizga o‘n yil bo‘ladi. (married — holat, shuning uchun Future Perfect)

Oxirgi gapga e’tibor bering: be married — holat fe’li, shuning uchun davomli shakl emas, oddiy Future Perfect ishlatiladi.

Vaqt bog‘lovchilaridan keyin

by the time, when, before dan keyin kelajak haqida gapirsak ham Present Simple ishlatiladi. Future Perfect Continuous esa asosiy gapda bo‘ladi:

• By the time I finish university, I will have been studying for six years.Universitetni tugatgunimcha olti yil o‘qigan bo‘laman.
• When the plane lands, we will have been flying for eleven hours.Samolyot qo‘nganida biz o‘n bir soatdan beri uchayotgan bo‘lamiz.

By the time I will finish — xato.

Kelajakdagi holatning sababi

Bu zamon kelajakdagi holatni tushuntirish uchun ham ishlatiladi: “u charchagan bo‘ladi, chunki ... dan beri ...ayotgan bo‘ladi”.

• She’ll be exhausted when she gets home — she will have been working all day.Uyga kelganda u holdan toygan bo‘ladi — kun bo‘yi ishlagan bo‘ladi.
• Don’t call him at 10. He’ll be tired because he will have been studying since 7.Unga soat o‘nda qo‘ng‘iroq qilma. U charchagan bo‘ladi, chunki yettidan beri o‘qiyotgan bo‘ladi.
• The ground will be wet. It will have been raining all night.Yer ho‘l bo‘ladi. Tun bo‘yi yomg‘ir yog‘ib turgan bo‘ladi.

Future Perfect va Future Perfect Continuous

Bu ikki zamon ko‘p chalkashtiriladi. Asosiy farq: natija yoki jarayon?

• By 5 p.m., I will have answered fifty emails.Soat beshga kelib ellikta xatga javob bergan bo‘laman. (natija — nechta)
• By 5 p.m., I will have been answering emails for six hours.Soat beshga kelib olti soatdan beri xatlarga javob berayotgan bo‘laman. (jarayon — qancha vaqt)
• By the end of the course, you will have learnt 2,000 words.Kurs oxiriga kelib 2000 ta so‘z o‘rgangan bo‘lasiz.
• By the end of the course, you will have been learning for six months.Kurs oxiriga kelib olti oydan beri o‘qiyotgan bo‘lasiz.

Qoida: gapda raqam yoki miqdor (three books, fifty emails) bo‘lsa — Future Perfect; davomiylik (for ten years, for six hours) bo‘lsa — Future Perfect Continuous.

Holat fe’llari bilan ishlatilmaydi

Boshqa davomli zamonlar kabi, bu zamon ham holat fe’llari bilan ishlatilmaydi: know, believe, love, like, own, belong, understand, be (ko‘pincha), have (egalik ma’nosida).

Bunday holatlarda Future Perfect ishlatiladi.

Inkor va savol

Bu zamon inkor va savolda kamroq ishlatiladi, lekin ma’no mantiqiy:

• Will you have been working here for five years by next spring?Kelasi bahorga kelib bu yerda besh yildan beri ishlayotgan bo‘lasizmi?
• How long will you have been living in Tashkent by the end of this year?Bu yil oxiriga kelib Toshkentda qancha vaqtdan beri yashayotgan bo‘lasiz?
• Don’t worry — we won’t have been waiting long.Xavotir olmang — ko‘p kutib qolmaymiz.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Kelajakda aniq nuqta bormi? (by June, by 2030, when he retires) — Ha.
2. O‘sha nuqtagacha harakat qancha davom etganini aytyapsizmi? (for ten years) → will have been + -ing.
3. Natija yoki miqdormi? (nechta, qancha) → will have + V3 (Future Perfect).
4. Fe’l holat fe’limi? (know, have, be) → Future Perfect.

Misol: “Kelasi oyga kelib, men bu loyiha ustida bir yildan beri ishlayotgan bo‘laman.”

1. Kelajak nuqtasi — kelasi oy → by next month.
2. Davomiylik — bir yil → for a year.
3. work — harakat fe’li → will have been working.

Misol: “Dekabrga kelib biz bir-birimizni o‘n yildan beri tanigan bo‘lamiz.”

1. know — holat fe’li → davomli shakl emas.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: by + kelajak nuqtasi + for + davr → will have been + -ing. Miqdor (nechta) → will have + V3. Holat fe’llari → will have + V3.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish yubileyi

• — Did you know that next March I will have been working at this company for twenty years?— Bilasanmi, kelasi martda bu kompaniyada ishlayotganimga yigirma yil bo‘ladi?
• — Twenty years! That’s amazing.— Yigirma yil! Ajoyib.
• — Yes, and my boss will have been running the business for thirty.— Ha, boshlig‘im esa biznesni o‘ttiz yildan beri boshqarayotgan bo‘ladi.
• — You should have a party!— Ziyofat qilishing kerak!
• — Maybe. By then I will have saved enough money for a big one.— Balki. O‘sha paytga kelib katta ziyofatga yetarli pul yig‘ib bo‘lgan bo‘laman.

Uzoq safar

• — What time do we arrive in Seoul?— Seulga soat nechada yetib boramiz?
• — At about 8 a.m. local time. By then we will have been travelling for almost fifteen hours.— Mahalliy vaqt bilan taxminan ertalab sakkizda. O‘sha paytga kelib deyarli o‘n besh soatdan beri yo‘lda bo‘lamiz.
• — I’ll be so tired.— Juda charchab qolaman.
• — Of course you will — you won’t have been sleeping properly.— Albatta — yaxshi uxlamagan bo‘lasan-da.

Kichik matn: “Marafon”

Next Sunday my father is running his first marathon. He started training last January, so by race day he will have been preparing for almost a year. The race starts at 7 a.m. If everything goes well, he’ll finish at about 11, which means he will have been running for four hours without a break. By the end of the race, he will have covered 42 kilometres. We’ll be waiting at the finish line. By that time we will have been standing in the crowd for hours, but we don’t care — we’re so proud of him!

Matndan Future Perfect Continuous gaplarini toping. Nima uchun he will have covered 42 kilometres — Future Perfect’da, he will have been running for four hours — Future Perfect Continuous’da?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Yil oxiriga kelib ingliz tilini o‘rganayotganimga ikki yil bo‘ladi. → By the end of the year, I will have been learning English for two years.
2. Kechki sakkizda u o‘n soatdan beri ishlayotgan bo‘ladi. → At 8 p.m., she will have been working for ten hours.
3. Siz yetib kelguningizcha biz bir soatdan beri kutib turgan bo‘lamiz. → By the time you arrive, we will have been waiting for an hour.
4. Kelasi yilga kelib ular bu uyda yashayotganlariga besh yil bo‘ladi. → By next year, they will have been living in this house for five years.
5. Soat beshga kelib men uchta hisobot yozib bo‘lgan bo‘laman. → By 5 o’clock, I will have written three reports.
6. Iyunga kelib biz bir-birimizni yigirma yildan beri tanigan bo‘lamiz. → By June, we will have known each other for twenty years.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Tuzilishi: will have been + V-ing — barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil.
• Vazifasi: kelajakdagi nuqtagacha harakatning davomiyligi.
• Odatiy ko‘rsatkichlar: by + kelajak nuqtasi, for + davr.
• by the time / when dan keyin — Present Simple.
• Kelajakdagi holat sababini ham tushuntiradi: He’ll be tired — he’ll have been working all day.
• Miqdor (nechta) → Future Perfect; davomiylik (qancha vaqt) → Future Perfect Continuous.
• Holat fe’llari (know, have, be) bilan — Future Perfect.