Similar to, Different from

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ikki narsani solishtirganda biz ularning o‘xshash yoki farqli ekanini aytamiz. Ingliz tilida buning uchun ko‘plab iboralar bor va ularning har birida predlog muhim:

• the same as — xuddi ...dek, ...bilan bir xil: My phone is the same as yours.
• similar to — ...ga o‘xshash: Your idea is similar to mine.
• different from — ...dan farqli: This town is different from my hometown.
• like — ...ga o‘xshab, ...dek: She looks like her mother.
• alike — bir-biriga o‘xshash: The twins look alike.

Eng ko‘p xato predloglarda bo‘ladi: the same like, similar with, different than (britancha standartda) — ularni to‘g‘ri juftlik bilan yodlash kerak.

O‘zbekchada bu iboralar “bir xil”, “o‘xshash”, “farqli”, “...ga o‘xshaydi” bilan aytiladi, lekin predloglar yo‘q — qo‘shimchalar bor (-ga, -dan). Shuning uchun inglizcha predlogni alohida eslab qolish kerak.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. the same as va the same + ot + as.
2. similar to va similarity.
3. different from (to, than) va difference.
4. like va alike — grammatik farq.
5. Farq va o‘xshashlik darajasi: exactly, very, quite, completely.
6. Ot shakllari: in common, compared with, resemble.

the same as

the same as — “...bilan aynan bir xil”. the doim kerak!

• My phone is the same as yours.Mening telefonim siznikiga o‘xshash (aynan bir xil).
• Your answer is the same as mine.Javobing meniki bilan bir xil.
• Life in the village isn’t the same as in the city.Qishloqdagi hayot shahardagidek emas.
• He always orders the same thing.U doim bir xil narsani buyurtma qiladi.

the same + ot + as

Ot bilan: the same + ot + as:

• I’m the same age as my cousin.Men amakivachchamga tengdoshman.
• She has the same hair colour as her mother.Uning soch rangi onasinikiga o‘xshash.
• We live in the same street as our teacher.Biz o‘qituvchimiz bilan bir ko‘chada yashaymiz.

Diqqat: the same like yoki the same with — xato. Faqat the same as.

Ikki narsa haqida bitta gapda: They are the same. / Our phones are the same. (as kerak emas).

similar to

similar — “o‘xshash”, lekin aynan bir xil emas. Predlog — to.

• Your bag is similar to mine, but it’s a bit bigger.Sumkang menikiga o‘xshaydi, lekin biroz kattaroq.
• Uzbek is similar to Turkish in some ways.O‘zbek tili ba’zi jihatlardan turk tiliga o‘xshaydi.
• The two paintings are very similar.Ikki rasm bir-biriga juda o‘xshash.
• We have similar tastes in music.Musiqa borasida didimiz o‘xshash.

similarity — o‘xshashlik (ot)

• There are many similarities between the two languages.Ikki til orasida ko‘p o‘xshashliklar bor.
• I can see a similarity in their style.Ularning uslubida o‘xshashlik ko‘ryapman.

Diqqat: similar with yoki similar as — xato. Doim similar to.

different from

different — “farqli”, “boshqacha”. Predlog:

• different from — standart, hamma joyda to‘g‘ri (imtihonlar uchun eng yaxshisi);
• different to — Britaniyada so‘zlashuvda;
• different than — Amerikada keng tarqalgan.

• My brother is very different from me.Akam mendan juda farq qiladi.
• Life in Tashkent is different from life in a village.Toshkentdagi hayot qishloqdagi hayotdan farq qiladi.
• The new version is completely different from the old one.Yangi versiya eskisidan butunlay farq qiladi.
• Our cultures are different in many ways.Madaniyatlarimiz ko‘p jihatdan farq qiladi.

difference — farq (ot)

• What’s the difference between a crocodile and an alligator?Timsoh va alligator o‘rtasida qanday farq bor?
• There’s a big difference in price.Narxda katta farq bor.
• It doesn’t make any difference.Bu hech qanday farq qilmaydi.
• Can you tell the difference?Farqini ajrata olasizmi?

differ from — fe’l shakli (rasmiy): British English differs from American English in spelling.

like va alike

Bu ikkisining ma’nosi yaqin, lekin grammatikasi boshqacha:

• You look like your father.Siz otangizga o‘xshaysiz.
• You and your father look alike.Siz va otangiz bir-biringizga o‘xshaysiz.
• My sister is very like me.Singlim menga juda o‘xshaydi.
• My sister and I are very alike.Singlim va men bir-birimizga juda o‘xshaymiz.
• The twins dress alike.Egizaklar bir xil kiyinishadi.

Diqqat: She looks alike her mother — xato. They look like (otsiz) — xato.

What is it like?

What ... like? — “qanday?” (tasvirlash so‘rovi):

• — What’s your new teacher like? — She’s strict but kind.— Yangi o‘qituvching qanday? — Qattiqqo‘l, lekin mehribon.
• — What was the weather like? — Hot and sunny.— Ob-havo qanday edi? — Issiq va quyoshli.

Daraja so‘zlari

O‘xshashlik yoki farq qanchalik ekanini ko‘rsatish uchun:

• Your bag is exactly the same as mine!Sumkang menikiga aynan o‘xshaydi!
• The two cities are quite similar.Ikki shahar bir-biriga ancha o‘xshash.
• This version is slightly different from the original.Bu versiya asl nusxadan sal farq qiladi.
• He’s completely different from his brother.U akasidan butunlay farq qiladi.
• She’s not at all like her sister.U opasiga umuman o‘xshamaydi.

Boshqa foydali iboralar

• We have a lot in common.Bizning umumiy jihatlarimiz ko‘p.
• They have nothing in common.Ularning hech qanday umumiy jihati yo‘q.
• Compared with Moscow, Tashkent is warmer.Moskvaga nisbatan Toshkent issiqroq.
• He resembles his grandfather.U bobosiga o‘xshaydi. (rasmiy; predlogsiz!)
• Both cities are beautiful.Ikkala shahar ham chiroyli.
• Neither of them likes football.Ularning hech biri futbolni yoqtirmaydi.

Diqqat: resemble dan keyin predlog yo‘q: He resembles to his father — xato.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Aynan bir xilmi? → the same (+ ot) + as.
2. O‘xshash, lekin bir xil emasmi? → similar to.
3. Farqlimi? → different from.
4. Bitta narsani boshqasiga o‘xshatyapsizmi? → A is like B.
5. Ikkalasini birga aytyapsizmi? → A and B are alike.

Misol: “Mening kitobim seniki bilan bir xil.”

1. Aynan bir xil → the same as.

Misol: “Ingliz tili nemis tiliga ba’zi jihatlardan o‘xshaydi.”

1. O‘xshash, bir xil emas → similar to.

Misol: “Aka-uka bir-biriga umuman o‘xshamaydi.”

1. Ikkalasi birga → alike, inkor.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: the same as, similar to, different from, difference between; A is like B = A and B are alike; resemble — predlogsiz.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Egizaklar haqida

• — Are you and your brother twins? You look exactly alike!— Siz va akangiz egizakmisiz? Bir-biringizga aynan o‘xshaysiz!
• — Yes, we are. But we’re very different in character.— Ha, egizakmiz. Lekin xarakterimiz juda farq qiladi.
• — Really? How?— Rostdanmi? Qanday?
• — He’s very quiet, like our father. I’m more like our mother — I love talking!— U juda jim, dadamga o‘xshaydi. Men esa ko‘proq oyimga o‘xshayman — gapirishni yaxshi ko‘raman!
• — Do you have anything in common?— Umumiy jihatlaringiz bormi?
• — We both love football. And we have the same taste in food.— Ikkalamiz ham futbolni yaxshi ko‘ramiz. Ovqatda ham didimiz bir xil.

Ikki ish taklifini solishtirish

• — Which job are you going to take?— Qaysi ishni tanlaysan?
• — I don’t know. The salaries are almost the same.— Bilmayman. Maoshlar deyarli bir xil.
• — And the work?— Ish-chi?
• — The first one is similar to my current job. The second one is completely different from anything I’ve done before.— Birinchisi hozirgi ishimga o‘xshash. Ikkinchisi esa men ilgari qilgan har qanday ishdan butunlay farq qiladi.
• — Then take the second one! A new experience makes a big difference.— Unda ikkinchisini tanla! Yangi tajriba katta farq qiladi.

Kichik matn: “Ikki shahar”

I grew up in Bukhara, but now I live in Tashkent. People often ask me if the two cities are similar. In some ways they are alike — both have friendly people and delicious food. But they are also very different from each other. Bukhara is quiet and ancient, like an open-air museum. Tashkent, on the other hand, is big and modern. The food isn’t the same either: Bukhara plov is different from Tashkent plov — it’s sweeter. The biggest difference between them is the speed of life. Compared with Tashkent, life in Bukhara feels much slower. I love both cities, but my heart is in Bukhara.

Matndan o‘xshashlik va farq iboralarini toping. Ulardan keyin qanday predloglar kelgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Mening sumkam seniki bilan bir xil. → My bag is the same as yours.
2. Bu fikr meniki bilan o‘xshash. → This idea is similar to mine.
3. Shahar hayoti qishloq hayotidan farq qiladi. → City life is different from village life.
4. U otasiga o‘xshaydi. → He looks like his father.
5. Ikki opa-singil bir-biriga o‘xshaydi. → The two sisters look alike.
6. Ular orasidagi farq nima? → What’s the difference between them?
7. Biz tengdoshmiz. → We’re the same age.
8. Yangi o‘qituvchi qanday? → What’s the new teacher like?

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• the same as — aynan bir xil; the same + ot + as: the same age as.
• similar to — o‘xshash; similarity between.
• different from (standart); difference between; differ from.
• like + ot: He’s like his father; alike — otsiz: They’re alike.
• What ... like? — qanday? (tasvir so‘rash).
• Daraja: exactly / almost the same, very similar, completely different.
• have a lot / nothing in common; resemble — predlogsiz.