Just, Already, Yet

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Present Perfect ko‘pincha hozirgi natija haqida gapiradi. Uchta so‘z shu natijani aniqroq qiladi:

• just — “hozirgina, endigina”: I’ve just eaten. (Hozirgina ovqatlandim.)
• already — “allaqachon” (kutilganidan oldin): I’ve already finished.
• yet — “hali” (inkorda) / “...dimi?” (savolda): I haven’t finished yet. Have you finished yet?

Bunga yana still (hali ham) qo‘shiladi.

• The film has just started.Film hozirgina boshlandi.
• I’ve already paid.Men allaqachon to‘lab bo‘ldim.
• He hasn’t called yet.U hali qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi.
• Have you finished yet?Tugatdingizmi?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. just — hozirgina sodir bo‘lgan ish.
2. already — kutilganidan oldin.
3. yet — inkor va savolda.
4. Gapdagi o‘rni: o‘rtada yoki oxirida.
5. still — hali ham (inkor bilan).
6. Amerika inglizchasida Past Simple bilan.

just

just — ish juda yaqinda, bir necha daqiqa oldin bo‘lgan. have bilan V3 orasida turadi:

• I’ve just woken up.Hozirgina uyg‘ondim.
• We’ve just arrived.Biz endigina yetib keldik.
• Your taxi has just come.Taksingiz hozirgina keldi.
• — Where’s Ali? — He’s just gone out.— Ali qani? — Hozirgina chiqib ketdi.

already

already — ish kutilganidan oldin yoki allaqachon bajarilgan. Odatda o‘rtada:

• I’ve already done my homework.Uy vazifamni allaqachon qilib bo‘ldim.
• She’s already gone home.U allaqachon uyga ketdi.
• — Let’s watch this film. — I’ve already seen it.— Shu filmni ko‘raylik. — Uni ko‘rganman.
• Have you already eaten?Allaqachon ovqatlandingizmi? (hayratlanib)

yet

yet — inkor va savolda, odatda gap oxirida:

Qisqa javob: — Have you finished? — Not yet. (Hali yo‘q.)

Diqqat: bo‘lishli darak gapda yet ishlatilmaydi: I’ve finished yet — xato. To‘g‘ri: I’ve already finished.

Gapdagi o‘rni

still

still — “hali ham”. Inkor bilan kelganda yet ga yaqin, lekin sabrsizlik, hayrat bor. haven’t dan oldin turadi:

• I still haven’t received the letter.Xatni hali ham olmadim. (kutyapman!)
• He still hasn’t paid me.U menga hali ham pul to‘lamadi.

Amerika inglizchasi

AQShda just, already, yet ko‘pincha Past Simple bilan ham ishlatiladi:

• BrE: I’ve just eaten. — AmE: I just ate.Hozirgina ovqatlandim.
• BrE: Have you eaten yet? — AmE: Did you eat yet?Ovqatlandingizmi?

Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, lekin imtihonlarda (IELTS) Present Perfect afzal.

Savol va inkorda already va yet

already odatda bo‘lishli gapda, yet esa savol va inkorda. Lekin already savolda ham kelishi mumkin — hayrat ma’nosida:

• Are you leaving already? It’s only nine!Allaqachon ketyapsanmi? Hali soat to‘qqiz-ku!
• Has the film started already? We’re late!Film allaqachon boshlanib ketdimi? Kechikdik!
• Is it ten o’clock already? Time flies!Allaqachon soat o‘n bo‘ldimi? Vaqt tez o‘tadi!

just — boshqa ma’nolari

just faqat “hozirgina” emas. U yana bir nechta ma’noga ega:

• Just a minute, please.Bir daqiqa, iltimos.
• I just wanted to say thank you.Shunchaki rahmat aytmoqchi edim.
• You look just like your mother.Xuddi onangga o‘xshaysan.

not yet, still not — farqi

not ... yet va still ... not ikkalasi ham “hali ... emas”, lekin ohangi boshqa:

• He hasn’t called yet.U hali qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi. (neytral, kutyapman)
• He still hasn’t called!U haligacha qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi! (sabrim tugayapti)

yet — gap oxirida; still — yordamchi fe’ldan oldin: He still hasn’t called.

Qisqa javoblarda

• — Have you had lunch? — Not yet.— Tushlik qildingmi? — Hali yo‘q.
• — Has she arrived? — Yes, just now.— U keldimi? — Ha, hozirgina.
• — Are you ready? — Almost!— Tayyormisan? — Deyarli!

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Hozirgina bo‘ldimi? → just.
2. Kutilganidan oldin bo‘ldimi? → already.
3. Hali bo‘lmadimi / bo‘ldimi deb so‘rayapsizmi? → yet (oxirida).
4. Tartib: have + just/already + V3 yoki haven’t + V3 + yet.

Misol: “Men hali chiptalarni sotib olmadim.”

1. “hali ... -madim” → inkor + yet.

Misol: “Avtobus hozirgina ketdi!”

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: just / already — have va V3 orasida. yet — inkor va savolda, oxirida.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Safar oldidan

• — Have you packed yet?— Narsalaringni yig‘dingmi?
• — Yes, I’ve already packed my bag.— Ha, sumkamni allaqachon yig‘dim.
• — Have you booked the taxi?— Taksi chaqirdingmi?
• — Not yet. I’ll do it now.— Hali yo‘q. Hozir chaqiraman.
• — Hurry! I’ve just checked — the flight is on time.— Shoshil! Hozirgina tekshirdim — reys o‘z vaqtida.
• — Oh no, I still haven’t found my passport!— Voy, men hali ham pasportimni topmadim!

Mehmonlar kelishidan oldin

• — The guests are coming at seven. Have you cleaned the living room yet?— Mehmonlar soat yettida keladi. Mehmonxonani yig‘ishtirdingmi?
• — Yes, I’ve already done it.— Ha, allaqachon yig‘ishtirdim.
• — Great. And have you bought the bread?— Zo‘r. Non oldingmi?
• — Not yet. I’m just going to the shop.— Hali yo‘q. Hozir do‘konga ketyapman.
• — Oh no — Aziz has just texted. They’re here already!— Voy — Aziz hozirgina yozdi. Ular allaqachon kelishibdi!
• — What? It’s only six!— Nima? Hali soat olti-ku!

Kichik matn: “Ko‘chib o‘tish”

We’re moving to a new flat tomorrow, and there’s a lot to do. I’ve already packed my clothes and books, but I haven’t packed the kitchen yet. My husband has just finished taking the furniture apart. The children still haven’t cleaned their rooms — I’ve asked them three times! The removal van has already arrived, but the driver hasn’t loaded anything yet. “Are you ready?” he asked. “Not yet — just one more hour!” I said.

Matnda just, already, yet va still ni toping. Har birining gapdagi o‘rniga e’tibor bering.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. — Is Dilnoza here? — No, she’s ___ left. (hozirgina) → just
2. I haven’t done my homework ___. → yet
3. You don’t need to buy milk. I’ve ___ bought some. → already
4. ___ you seen the new film ___? → Have / yet
5. Tuzating: I’ve done it yet. → I’ve already done it.
6. Tuzating: He hasn’t yet arrived. → He hasn’t arrived yet.
7. Allaqachon ketyapsanmi?! (hayrat) → Are you leaving already?
8. U haligacha qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi! (norozilik) → He still hasn’t called!
9. — Tushlik qildingmi? — Hali yo‘q. → — Not yet.
10. Bu aynan men xohlagan narsa! → That’s just what I wanted!

Qisqa xulosa

• just — hozirgina: I’ve just eaten.
• already — allaqachon: I’ve already seen it.
• yet — inkor/savolda, oxirida: I haven’t finished yet. Have you finished yet?
• just, already — have va V3 orasida.
• Bo‘lishli darak gapda yet ishlatilmaydi.
• still haven’t — hali ham (sabrsizlik).