Zero Article

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Siz a / an va the artikllarini o‘rgandingiz. Lekin ko‘p hollarda otdan oldin hech qanday artikl qo‘yilmaydi. Bu zero article (nol artikl) deyiladi.

Asosiy qoida: biror narsa haqida umuman, umumiy ma’noda gapirsak — ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar artiklsiz keladi.

• I love music.Men musiqani yaxshi ko‘raman.
• Dogs are friendly animals.Itlar do‘stona hayvonlar.
• She drinks coffee every morning.U har tong qahva ichadi.
• We go to school by bus.Biz maktabga avtobusda boramiz.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Umumiy ma’nodagi ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar.
2. Ismlar, shaharlar, davlatlar, tillar.
3. Ovqatlar, sport, fanlar.
4. Kunlar, oylar, yillar.
5. Artiklsiz iboralar: at home, go to bed, by car.
6. Umumiy va aniq ma’no farqi: music / the music.

Umumiy ma’no

• Children need love.Bolalarga mehr kerak.
• Money isn’t everything.Pul hamma narsa emas.
• I don’t like horror films.Men qo‘rqinchli filmlarni yoqtirmayman.
• Books are expensive here.Bu yerda kitoblar qimmat.

Diqqat: birlikdagi sanaladigan ot artiklsiz qolmaydi: I like cat — xato. Umumiy ma’noda ko‘plik ishlatiladi: I like cats.

Ismlar va joy nomlari

Ko‘pchilik ismlar, shaharlar, davlatlar, qit’alar, ko‘chalar artiklsiz:

• Malika is my friend.Malika mening do‘stim.
• I live in Samarkand.Men Samarqandda yashayman.
• Uzbekistan is in Central Asia.O‘zbekiston Markaziy Osiyoda.
• Our office is on Navoi Street.Ofisimiz Navoiy ko‘chasida.

Tillar, fanlar, sport, ovqatlar

Diqqat: the English — inglizlar (xalq) degani. Til nomi artiklsiz.

Vaqt so‘zlari

• on Mondaydushanba kuni
• in Maymayda
• in 20242024-yilda
• at nightkechasi
• next week / last yearkelasi hafta / o‘tgan yil

next, last, this, every dan oldin artikl qo‘yilmaydi: next week (the next week emas).

Artiklsiz iboralar

Ba’zi joylar o‘z vazifasi bilan ishlatilganda artiklsiz keladi:

Diqqat: home bilan to kerak emas: go home (go to home — xato).

• I’m tired. I’m going home.Charchadim. Uyga ketyapman.
• She’s at work now.U hozir ishda.
• I go to bed at eleven.Soat o‘n birda yotaman.
• We travelled by train.Biz poyezdda sayohat qildik.

Agar binoning o‘zi haqida gapirsak, the kerak: My mum went to the school to talk to my teacher. (o‘qish uchun emas).

Joylar: go to school yoki go to the school?

Ba’zi joylar bilan artikl ma’noga qarab qo‘yiladi yoki qo‘yilmaydi. Agar biz joyning asosiy vazifasi uchun borsak — artikl yo‘q. Agar binoning o‘ziga boshqa sabab bilan borsak — the kerak:

• My son goes to school at eight.O‘g‘lim soat sakkizda maktabga boradi. (o‘qishga)
• I went to the school to talk to his teacher.O‘qituvchisi bilan gaplashish uchun maktabga bordim. (bino)
• She’s in hospital with a broken leg.U oyog‘i singani uchun kasalxonada yotibdi.
• We visited her in the hospital.Biz uni kasalxonada ko‘rgani bordik.
• It’s late. Go to bed!Kech bo‘ldi. Bor, yot!

Diqqat: Amerika inglizchasida in the hospital ko‘proq ishlatiladi. Britaniyada — in hospital.

Transport va aloqa: by bus, by phone

by + transport yoki aloqa vositasi — artiklsiz:

• I go to work by bus.Ishga avtobusda boraman.
• We travelled by train.Poyezdda sayohat qildik.
• Send it by email.Uni elektron pochta orqali yuboring.
• Can I pay by card?Karta orqali to‘lasam bo‘ladimi?

Lekin aniq transport haqida — artikl bilan: I took the 7 o’clock bus. Piyoda esa: on foot (by foot emas).

Ovqatlar va ichimliklar: have breakfast

Kundalik ovqatlanish nomlari — artiklsiz:

• I have breakfast at seven.Soat yettida nonushta qilaman.
• What’s for dinner?Kechki ovqatga nima bor?
• Let’s meet after lunch.Tushlikdan keyin uchrashaylik.

Lekin sifat bilan yoki maxsus ovqat haqida — a / the:

• We had a wonderful dinner at the restaurant.Restoranda ajoyib kechki ovqat qildik.
• The lunch was delicious.Tushlik juda mazali edi. (aniq o‘sha tushlik)

Bosqichma-bosqich

Artikl kerakmi?

1. Ism, shahar, davlat, til? → artiklsiz.
2. Umuman gapiryapsizmi (ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan)? → artiklsiz.
3. Aniq, ma’lum narsa? → the.
4. Birlikdagi, birinchi marta tilga olingan narsa? → a / an.

Misol: “Men olmani yaxshi ko‘raman.”

1. Umuman olmalar haqida → ko‘plik, artiklsiz.

Misol: “Stoldagi olmalar mazali.”

1. Aniq olmalar → the.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: umuman gapirsangiz — artikl yo‘q. Aniq narsa haqida — the.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

O‘zim haqimda

My name is Javohir. I live in Andijan. I’m a student at university. I study economics. I go to university by bus. I love sport, especially football. In the evening I’m usually at home. I like tea, but I don’t like coffee. I go to bed at about midnight.

Ota-ona va o‘qituvchi

• — Does your son go to school by bus?— O‘g‘lingiz maktabga avtobusda boradimi?
• — No, he walks. It’s only ten minutes on foot.— Yo‘q, piyoda boradi. Piyoda atigi o‘n daqiqa.
• — Can you come to the school tomorrow? We have a parents’ meeting.— Ertaga maktabga kela olasizmi? Ota-onalar majlisi bor.
• — Of course. After lunch?— Albatta. Tushlikdan keyinmi?
• — Yes, at three.— Ha, soat uchda.

Kichik matn: “Mening kunim”

I get up at six and have breakfast with my family. Then I go to work by bus. I work at a bank in the city centre. At one o’clock I have lunch with my colleagues. I finish work at six and go home on foot — it’s good exercise. In the evening I watch TV or read. I usually go to bed at eleven. On Fridays I go to mosque, and on Sundays I visit my grandmother. Last month she was in hospital, and I visited her in the hospital every day.

Matnda artiklsiz iboralarni toping. Oxirgi gapda nima uchun bir marta in hospital, bir marta in the hospital deyilgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I love ___ chocolate. (umuman) → (artiklsiz)
2. Let’s go ___ home. → (artiklsiz) — go home
3. She’s from ___ Turkey. → (artiklsiz)
4. ___ milk in this bottle is old. → The
5. Tuzating: I play the tennis on the Sundays. → I play tennis on Sundays.
6. We go to work ___ car. → by
7. Men avtobusda ishga boraman. → I go to work by bus.
8. U har kuni soat o‘nda yotadi. → She goes to bed at ten every day.
9. Men dadamni kasalxonada ko‘rgani bordim. → I visited my dad in the hospital.
10. Biz soat sakkizda kechki ovqat qilamiz. → We have dinner at eight.

Qisqa xulosa

• Umumiy ma’nodagi ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar — artiklsiz: I like cats. Water is life.
• Ismlar, shaharlar, davlatlar, ko‘chalar — artiklsiz.
• Tillar, fanlar, sport, taomlar (breakfast, lunch) — artiklsiz.
• Kunlar, oylar, yillar; next / last / every dan oldin — artiklsiz.
• Iboralar: at home, go home, at work, go to bed, by bus.
• Aniq narsa — the: the music in this film.