Third Person -s

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Present Simple zamonida he, she, it (uchinchi shaxs birlik) bilan fe’lga -s qo‘shiladi: I work → she works. Bu qoida juda oddiy, lekin o‘quvchilar eng ko‘p unutadigan qoida.

Bu darsda -s ni qachon qo‘shish va uni qanday yozish (-s, -es, -ies) ni o‘rganamiz.

• My brother works in a bank.Akam bankda ishlaydi.
• She watches TV every evening.U har kechqurun televizor ko‘radi.
• He studies English.U ingliz tilini o‘rganadi.
• Our cat has blue eyes.Mushugimizning ko‘zlari ko‘k.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Qachon -s qo‘shiladi.
2. -s va -es imlo qoidalari.
3. -y bilan tugaydigan fe’llar: plays yoki studies?
4. have → has, go → goes, do → does.
5. -s ning talaffuzi: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/.
6. -s qo‘shilmaydigan holatlar.

Qachon -s qo‘shiladi?

Faqat Present Simple da va faqat he, she, it (yoki bitta odam/narsa) bilan:

• Ali plays chess.Ali shaxmat o‘ynaydi.
• Ali and Vali play chess.Ali va Vali shaxmat o‘ynaydi.
• The shop opens at 9.Do‘kon soat 9 da ochiladi.
• Everybody likes plov.Hamma oshni yaxshi ko‘radi.

Diqqat: everybody, nobody, someone — birlik, shuning uchun -s oladi.

Imlo qoidalari

1. Oddiy holat: + s

work → works, read → reads, eat → eats, live → lives, make → makes

2. -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, -o: + es

3. -y bilan tugaydigan fe’llar

4. Istisno

have → has (haves emas!)

Talaffuz

-es dan keyin qo‘shimcha bo‘g‘in paydo bo‘ladi: watch (1 bo‘g‘in) → watch-es (2 bo‘g‘in).

-s qo‘shilmaydigan holatlar

Ega kim? — he, she, it ni topish

-s faqat he, she, it bilan qo‘shiladi, lekin gapda ega ko‘pincha olmosh emas, ot bo‘ladi. Shunda uni olmoshga “aylantirib” tekshiring:

• My father drives a taxi.Otam taksi haydaydi. (my father = he)
• The shop opens at nine.Do‘kon soat to‘qqizda ochiladi. (the shop = it)
• Everybody likes her.Hamma uni yaxshi ko‘radi. (everybody — birlik!)
• My friends live in Tashkent.Do‘stlarim Toshkentda yashaydi. (they — ‑s yo‘q)
• The police are here.Politsiya shu yerda. (police — doim ko‘plik)

Diqqat: everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone — ma’nosi “hamma” bo‘lsa ham, grammatik jihatdan birlik: Everybody knows. (Everybody know — xato.)

Ravish va boshqa so‘zlar o‘rtada bo‘lsa

Ega va fe’l orasida ravish yoki boshqa so‘zlar bo‘lsa ham, -s baribir qo‘shiladi:

• She always gets up early.U doim erta turadi.
• My brother often plays football.Akam tez-tez futbol o‘ynaydi.
• The man in the blue jacket works here.Ko‘k kurtkadagi odam shu yerda ishlaydi.
• A friend of mine lives in London.Bir do‘stim Londonda yashaydi.

Uchinchi misolda the man — ega, in the blue jacket esa uni tasvirlaydi. Fe’l man ga moslashadi: works.

Savol va inkorda -s qayerga ketadi?

Savol va inkorda -s fe’ldan does ga ko‘chadi — asosiy fe’l esa -s siz qoladi:

• He doesn’t like coffee.U qahvani yoqtirmaydi.
• Does your sister speak English?Singlingiz inglizcha gapiradimi?
• What time does the film start?Film soat nechada boshlanadi?

Batafsil — “do va does” darsida.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Ega he/she/it (birlik) mi? Ha → -s kerak.
2. Zamon Present Simple mi? Ha → davom eting.
3. Fe’l oxiriga qarang: s/sh/ch/x/o → -es; undosh+y → -ies; have → has; qolgani → -s.

Misol: “Opam uyni tozalaydi.” (tidy)

1. Ega: my sister → she.
2. Fe’l: tidy — undosh d + y → tidies.

Misol: “U har kuni yuvinadi.” (wash)

1. Ega: he. Fe’l: wash — -sh → washes.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: he, she, it + Present Simple = -s. Lekin does, doesn’t, can dan keyin — -s yo‘q.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Akam haqida

My brother Sanjar lives in Tashkent. He works in an IT company. Every morning he gets up at 7, has a shower and goes to work by metro. He teaches programming in the evenings. He studies Japanese too. He plays football on Sundays and watches films at night. He never misses a match!

Oila haqida

• — What does your father do?— Otang nima ish qiladi?
• — He works in a hospital. He is a doctor.— U kasalxonada ishlaydi. Shifokor.
• — And your mother?— Onang-chi?
• — She teaches English at a school. She loves her job.— U maktabda ingliz tilidan dars beradi. Ishini yaxshi ko‘radi.
• — Do you have any brothers?— Akalaring bormi?
• — Yes, one. He studies at university and plays in a band.— Ha, bitta. U universitetda o‘qiydi va guruhda o‘ynaydi.
• — Cool! What does he play?— Zo‘r! U nima chaladi?
• — He plays the guitar.— Gitara chaladi.

Kichik matn: “Mening buvim”

My grandmother is 75, but she is very active. She gets up at five every morning and does exercises in the garden. Then she makes breakfast for the whole family. She watches the news on TV and reads the newspaper. In the afternoon she goes to the market and buys fresh vegetables. She doesn’t like sweets, but she cooks wonderful plov. Everybody in our street knows her, and everyone loves her.

Matndagi har bir -s / -es li fe’lni toping. Imlo qoidasini aniqlang: oddiy -s, -es yoki y → ies.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. She (watch) ___ cartoons. → watches
2. He (fly) ___ to Moscow every month. → flies
3. My dad (enjoy) ___ fishing. → enjoys
4. It (have) ___ a long tail. → has
5. Tuzating: He don’t likes milk. → He doesn’t like milk.
6. The baby (cry) ___ at night. → cries
7. Hamma uni biladi. → Everybody knows him.
8. Ota-onam bankda ishlaydi. → My parents work in a bank.
9. U doim kech qoladi. → He always stays late.
10. Singlingiz suzadimi? → Does your sister swim?

Qisqa xulosa

• he, she, it + Present Simple → fe’lga -s.
• s, sh, ch, x, o dan keyin → -es (watches, goes).
• undosh + y → -ies (studies); unli + y → -s (plays).
• have → has.
• Talaffuz: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/.
• Modal fe’llar, does/doesn’t dan keyin — -s yo‘q.