Characteristic will and would

Oddiy qilib aytganda

will va would odatda kelajak va shart haqida: I will call you. I would go if I could. Lekin ularning yana bir muhim ma’nosi bor — odamning xarakteriga xos odat:

My grandfather will sit in the garden for hours. — Bobom bog‘da soatlab o‘tiraveradi. (hozirgi odat) When I was a child, my mother would sing to me every night. — Bolaligimda onam har kecha menga qo‘shiq aytib berardi. (o‘tmishdagi odat)

Bu characteristic will / would deyiladi. Bu darsda biz uning ikki ohangini o‘rganamiz:

1. Neytral yoki iliq — xarakter, odat, xotira: She’ll often help strangers.
2. Tanqid, norozilik — WILL / WOULD kuchli urg‘u bilan: He WILL leave his socks everywhere! — U doim paypoqlarini hamma joyga tashlab yuradi-da!

O‘zbek tilida birinchi ma’no “...averadi”, “...ardi” bilan, ikkinchisi esa “doim ...adi-da!”, “shunaqa-da u!” bilan beriladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. will — hozirgi xarakter va odat.
2. would — o‘tmishdagi odatlar va xotiralar.
3. WILL — urg‘u bilan hozirgi tanqid.
4. WOULD — “u shunday qiladi-da” (kutilgan xatti-harakat).
5. won’t / wouldn’t — qaysarlik va narsalarning “ishlamasligi”.
6. would va used to farqi.

will — hozirgi xarakter

will (ko‘pincha qisqa ’ll) odamning tabiatiga xos, takrorlanadigan xatti-harakatini bildiradi. Ohang neytral yoki iliq.

• My grandmother will sit by the window for hours, watching people.Buvim deraza yonida soatlab o‘tirib, odamlarni kuzataveradi.
• He’ll always help you if you ask.So‘rasangiz, u doim yordam beradi.
• She’ll often forget to eat when she’s busy.U band bo‘lganda ko‘pincha ovqatlanishni unutadi.
• A good teacher will always listen to students.Yaxshi o‘qituvchi doim talabalarni tinglaydi.
• Cats will sleep for up to sixteen hours a day.Mushuklar kuniga o‘n olti soatgacha uxlaydi.

Bu will ko‘pincha often, always, sometimes, for hours bilan keladi. U Present Simple ga yaqin, lekin xarakterni kuchliroq ta’kidlaydi.

would — o‘tmishdagi odatlar

would + fe’l — o‘tmishda takrorlangan harakat. Ko‘pincha xotiralar va hikoyalarda ishlatiladi, nostalgik ohangga ega.

• When I was a child, my grandfather would tell us stories every evening.Bolaligimda bobom har oqshom bizga ertak aytib berardi.
• Every summer we’d go to the mountains and swim in the river.Har yozda tog‘ga borib, daryoda cho‘milardik.
• My mother would wake up at five and make bread.Onam soat beshda turib, non yopardi.
• After school, we would play football until it got dark.Maktabdan keyin qorong‘i tushguncha futbol o‘ynardik.

Diqqat: would odatda hikoyaning boshida emas, davomida ishlatiladi. Boshida ko‘pincha used to yoki aniq vaqt: When I was young, I used to live in a village. Every morning I would walk to school...

would va used to

Qoida: holat fe’llari (live, have, be, know, like, own) bilan faqat used to.

WILL — urg‘u bilan tanqid

Agar will qisqartirilmasa va kuchli urg‘u bilan aytilsa, u norozilik, asabiylashishni bildiradi: “doim shunday qiladi-da!”

• He WILL leave his dirty socks on the floor!U doim iflos paypoqlarini yerga tashlab ketadi-da!
• She WILL keep interrupting me when I’m talking.Men gapirayotganimda u doim gapimni bo‘laveradi!
• My brother WILL borrow my things without asking.Akam doim so‘ramasdan narsalarimni olib qo‘yadi-da!
• If you WILL eat so much chocolate, of course you’ll feel sick!Shuncha shokolad yeyaversang, albatta ko‘ngling ayniydi-da!

Diqqat: bu ma’noda ’ll qisqartmasi ishlatilmaydi — to‘liq will va kuchli urg‘u kerak. Yozuvda urg‘u kursiv yoki katta harf bilan ko‘rsatiladi.

Oxirgi misoldagi If you will... — “agar shunday qilishni davom ettirsang” (tanqid).

WOULD — “u shunday qiladi-da”

would kuchli urg‘u bilan — kimdir kutilganidek, xarakteriga mos (ko‘pincha yoqimsiz) narsa qilganida:

• — Aziz said the exam was easy. — Well, he WOULD say that — he’s a genius!— Aziz imtihon oson edi dedi. — Albatta-da, u shunday deydi — u daho!
• — She forgot my birthday again. — She WOULD! She always forgets.— U yana tug‘ilgan kunimni unutdi. — Albatta-da! Doim unutadi.
• It WOULD rain on the day of our picnic!Piknik kunimizda albatta yomg‘ir yog‘ishi kerak edi-da!

Ma’nosi: “Bu uning xarakteriga juda mos — hayron emasman”.

O‘tmishdagi tanqid uchun ham:

• He WOULD always arrive late to every meeting.U har bir yig‘ilishga doim kechikib kelardi-da.

won’t / wouldn’t — qaysarlik

won’t va wouldn’t — “...ishni xohlamaydi / xohlamadi”, “ko‘nmaydi”. Odamlar va hatto narsalar uchun ham ishlatiladi:

• My son won’t eat vegetables.O‘g‘lim sabzavot yeyishni xohlamaydi.
• The baby won’t stop crying.Chaqaloq yig‘idan to‘xtamayapti.
• He wouldn’t listen to me.U meni tinglashni xohlamadi.
• She wouldn’t tell me her secret.U menga sirini aytishni istamadi.

Narsalar bilan

• The car won’t start.Mashina o‘t olmayapti.
• This door won’t open.Bu eshik ochilmayapti.
• My computer wouldn’t turn on this morning.Bugun ertalab kompyuterim yoqilmadi.
• The lid won’t come off.Qopqoq ochilmayapti.

Bu holatda narsa go‘yo “qaysar” — ingliz tilida bu juda tabiiy ifoda.

Barcha shakllarni solishtiring

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Xarakterga xos odatmi?
   • Hozir, neytral → will / ’ll.
   • O‘tmish, xotira → would (faqat harakat!).
2. Norozilik bormi?
   • Hozir → WILL (urg‘u) yoki be always + -ing.
   • “Kutilganidek” → WOULD (urg‘u).
3. Kimdir / nimadir xohlamayaptimi? → won’t / wouldn’t.
4. Holat fe’li bormi? (live, have) → used to, would emas.

Misol: “Bolaligimda otam meni har yakshanba baliq oviga olib borardi.”

1. O‘tmish, takrorlangan harakat, xotira → would.

Misol: “Mashina o‘t olmayapti!”

1. Narsa “ishlamayapti” → won’t.

Misol: “U doim gapimni bo‘laveradi-da!”

1. Hozirgi norozilik → WILL (urg‘u).

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: will — hozirgi xarakter; would — o‘tmish odati (harakat); WILL / WOULD urg‘u bilan — norozilik; won’t / wouldn’t — qaysarlik (odam va narsa).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Xonadosh haqida

• — How’s living with your new flatmate?— Yangi xonadoshing bilan yashash qalay?
• — He’s nice, but he WILL leave dirty dishes in the sink!— U yaxshi, lekin doim iflos idishlarni lavaboda qoldiradi-da!
• — Have you talked to him?— U bilan gaplashdingmi?
• — Yes, but he won’t listen. He’ll just smile and say sorry.— Ha, lekin u tinglamaydi. Shunchaki jilmayib, kechirasan deydi.
• — Typical! My old flatmate would do exactly the same.— Odatiy hol! Mening oldingi xonadoshim ham aynan shunday qilardi.

Bolalik xotiralari

• — What was your grandmother like?— Buvingiz qanday inson edilar?
• — Wonderful. She would bake bread every Friday, and the whole house would smell amazing.— Ajoyib. Har juma non yopardilar, butun uy ajoyib hidga to‘lardi.
• — Did she tell you stories?— Sizga ertak aytib berarmidilar?
• — Every night! And she wouldn’t let us sleep until she’d finished the story.— Har oqshom! Va ertakni tugatmagunlaricha bizni uxlatishmasdi.

Kichik matn: “Bobom”

My grandfather was a man of strong habits. Every morning he would get up at five, make himself a cup of strong tea and read the newspaper from cover to cover. He would never miss the news on the radio at seven. In the afternoons, he would sit in the garden for hours, talking to his roses. My grandmother used to joke that he loved them more than her. He was very stubborn — once he’d decided something, he wouldn’t change his mind. And he WOULD tell the same jokes again and again at every family dinner! Even now, whenever someone tells a bad joke, my mother laughs and says, “Your grandfather would have loved that one.”

Matndagi har bir would ni toping. Qaysilari xotira, qaysilari qaysarlik, qaysilari norozilik ma’nosida?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Buvim soatlab bog‘da ishlayveradi. → My grandmother will work in the garden for hours.
2. Bolaligimda har yozda dengizga borardik. → When I was a child, we would go to the sea every summer.
3. Men ilgari Samarqandda yashardim. → I used to live in Samarkand.
4. U doim eshikni ochiq qoldiradi-da! → He WILL leave the door open!
5. Mashina o‘t olmayapti. → The car won’t start.
6. U menga yordam berishni xohlamadi. → She wouldn’t help me.
7. — U kech qoldi. — Albatta-da! → — He was late. — He WOULD be!

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• will / ’ll + fe’l — hozirgi xarakter va odat (neytral).
• would + fe’l — o‘tmishdagi takrorlangan harakat (xotira); holat fe’llari bilan — used to.
• WILL (to‘liq, urg‘u) — hozirgi norozilik: He WILL leave his socks everywhere!
• WOULD (urg‘u) — “kutilganidek”: She WOULD say that!
• won’t / wouldn’t — qaysarlik; narsalar bilan ham: The car won’t start.
• Hammasidan keyin fe’lning 1-shakli.