A cup of, A piece of

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Sanalmaydigan otlarni (water, bread, tea) to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri sanab bo‘lmaydi: two waters, three breads — g‘alati. Ularni sanash uchun idish yoki o‘lchov so‘zi qo‘shiladi: a glass of water, a loaf of bread, two cups of tea.

O‘zbekchada ham shunday: “bir stakan suv”, “ikki bo‘lak non”. Inglizchada faqat of qo‘shiladi.

• A cup of tea, please.Bir piyola choy, iltimos.
• Can I have a glass of water?Bir stakan suv bera olasizmi?
• I bought two bottles of milk.Ikki shisha sut oldim.
• She ate a piece of cake.U bir bo‘lak tort yedi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of — idishlar.
2. a piece of, a slice of, a loaf of — bo‘laklar.
3. a kilo of, a litre of — o‘lchovlar.
4. a bar of, a packet of, a can of — qadoqlar.
5. Ko‘plik shakli: two cups of tea.
6. a piece of advice / information.

Idishlar

• A bowl of soup, please.Bir kosa sho‘rva, iltimos.
• We need a jar of honey.Bizga bir banka asal kerak.
• He ate a plate of plov.U bir likopcha osh yedi.

Bo‘laklar

• Can I have a slice of pizza?Bir bo‘lak pitsa bera olasizmi?
• Give me a piece of paper.Menga bir varaq qog‘oz bering.
• I bought a loaf of bread and a bar of chocolate.Bitta non va bitta shokolad oldim.

O‘lchovlar va qadoqlar

• Two kilos of tomatoes, please.Ikki kilo pomidor, iltimos.
• Half a kilo of cherries.Yarim kilo gilos.
• I need a packet of green tea.Menga bir quti ko‘k choy kerak.

Diqqat: half a kilo (a half kilo emas).

Ko‘plik

Ko‘plikni idish so‘zi oladi, sanalmaydigan ot o‘zgarmaydi:

Mavhum otlar

Ba’zi mavhum otlar ham sanalmaydi va a piece of bilan sanaladi:

• a piece of advicebitta maslahat (an advice — xato)
• a piece of informationbitta ma’lumot
• a piece of newsbitta yangilik
• a piece of furniturebitta mebel

Bitta qism: a piece of

a piece of — eng umumiy “bitta bo‘lak” iborasi. U ko‘p sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi — ayniqsa mavhum otlar bilan:

• Can I have a piece of cake, please?Bir bo‘lak tort olsam bo‘ladimi?
• Let me give you a piece of advice.Sizga bitta maslahat beray.
• Write your name on a piece of paper.Ismingizni qog‘ozga yozing.
• That’s a beautiful piece of music.Bu go‘zal musiqa asari.

Diqqat: an advice, a news, an information, a furniture — xato. Bular sanalmaydi — a piece of advice.

Juft narsalar: a pair of

Ikki qismdan iborat narsalar a pair of bilan sanaladi:

• a pair of shoes / socks / glovesbir juft tufli / paypoq / qo‘lqop
• a pair of trousers / jeans / shortsbitta shim / jinsi / shortik
• a pair of glasses / sunglassesbitta ko‘zoynak
• a pair of scissorsbitta qaychi

• I bought a new pair of jeans.Yangi jinsi sotib oldim.
• Where are my glasses? — I need a pair of reading glasses.Ko‘zoynagim qayerda? — Menga o‘qish uchun ko‘zoynak kerak.
• How many pairs of shoes do you have?Nechta juft tuflingiz bor?

Diqqat: trousers, jeans, glasses, scissors — ko‘plik shaklidagi so‘zlar, fe’l ko‘plikda: My jeans are new. (is emas). Lekin a pair of jeans is.

Guruhlar: a group of, a crowd of

Odamlar va hayvonlar guruhlari uchun:

• a group of studentsbir guruh talabalar
• a crowd of peopleolomon
• a team of doctorsshifokorlar jamoasi
• a family of duckso‘rdaklar oilasi
• a bunch of flowers / keys / grapesbir dasta gul / bir bog‘lam kalit / bir shingil uzum

• A group of tourists is waiting outside.Tashqarida bir guruh sayyohlar kutyapti.
• He gave her a bunch of roses.U unga bir dasta atirgul berdi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Ot sanalmaydimi? (water, bread, tea, advice)
2. Mos idish/o‘lchovni tanlang: suyuqlik → cup/glass/bottle; non → loaf/slice; mavhum → piece.
3. a / son + idish + of + ot. Ko‘plik — faqat idish so‘zida.

Misol: “Uch shisha suv.”

1. water — sanalmaydi. Idish: bottle. Ko‘plik: bottles.

Misol: “Sizga bitta maslahat beray.”

1. advice — sanalmaydi → a piece of advice.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: a + idish + of + ot. Ko‘plik — idishda: two cups of tea. advice, bread, information — a piece of bilan.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Xarid ro‘yxati

• — What do we need from the shop?— Do‘kondan nima kerak?
• — A loaf of bread, two litres of milk and a kilo of rice.— Bitta non, ikki litr sut va bir kilo guruch.
• — Anything else?— Yana nima?
• — A jar of honey, a packet of tea and a bar of soap.— Bir banka asal, bir quti choy va bitta sovun.
• — And a box of chocolates for Grandma!— Buvim uchun bir quti shokolad ham!
• — OK. Let me write it on a piece of paper.— Mayli. Bir varaq qog‘ozga yozib olay.

Kafeda

• — What would you like?— Nima xohlaysiz?
• — A cup of coffee and a piece of chocolate cake, please.— Bir chashka qahva va bir bo‘lak shokoladli tort, iltimos.
• — Would you like a glass of water too?— Bir stakan suv ham olasizmi?
• — Yes, please. And a slice of lemon in it.— Ha, iltimos. Ichiga bir bo‘lak limon soling.
• — Anything else?— Yana biror narsa?
• — Can I have a packet of sugar?— Bir paket shakar bersangiz?

Kichik matn: “Bozorda”

Every Sunday my mother goes to the market, and I go with her. She always buys a loaf of bread, a kilo of tomatoes and a bunch of fresh herbs. Last week she bought a jar of honey and two bottles of milk. I asked for a bar of chocolate, but she gave me a piece of advice instead: “Sweets are bad for your teeth!” Then she bought me a pair of new socks. On the way home, an old man gave her a bunch of flowers — he was our neighbour!

Matndagi barcha miqdor iboralarini toping va ularni guruhlarga ajrating: idish, bo‘lak, o‘lchov, juft yoki guruh.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. a ___ of coffee → cup
2. a ___ of bread (butun) → loaf
3. a ___ of chocolate → bar
4. two ___ of water (glass) → glasses
5. a ___ of advice → piece
6. Tuzating: three cups of teas → three cups of tea
7. Sizga bitta maslahat beray. → Let me give you a piece of advice.
8. Men yangi jinsi oldim. → I bought a new pair of jeans.
9. Ko‘zoynagim stolda. → My glasses are on the table.
10. Bir dasta gul → a bunch of flowers

Qisqa xulosa

• Sanalmaydigan otlar: idish/o‘lchov + of bilan sanaladi.
• Idishlar: cup, glass, bottle, bowl, jar, can, plate.
• Bo‘laklar: piece, slice, loaf, bar.
• O‘lchov/qadoq: kilo, litre, packet, box, bag, carton.
• Ko‘plik — idishda: two cups of tea.
• a piece of advice / information / news / furniture.