Verbs with Two Objects

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ba’zi fe’llar ikkita to‘ldiruvchi oladi: nimani (narsa) va kimga (odam). Masalan, give — kimgadir nimanidir bermoq:

She gave me the book. — U menga kitobni berdi. She gave the book to me. — U kitobni menga berdi.

Bu gaplarda ikki to‘ldiruvchi bor:

• bevosita to‘ldiruvchi (direct object) — narsa: the book.
• bilvosita to‘ldiruvchi (indirect object) — odam, kimga: me.

Ingliz tilida ularni ikki xil tartibda qo‘yish mumkin:

O‘zbek tilida qo‘shimchalar (-ga, -ni) tufayli so‘z tartibi erkin: Menga kitobni berdi yoki Kitobni menga berdi. Ingliz tilida esa predlog (to / for) faqat 2-tartibda paydo bo‘ladi va olmoshlar bilan ba’zi tartiblar xato bo‘ladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Ikki to‘ldiruvchili fe’llar va ularning ikki tartibi.
2. to yoki for — qaysi fe’l qaysi predlogni oladi.
3. Olmoshlar bilan qoida: give it to me (give me it emas).
4. Qaysi tartib qachon tabiiyroq: yangi ma’lumot oxirida.
5. Faqat bitta tartibli fe’llar: explain, describe, suggest.
6. Majhul nisbatda: I was given a book.

Ikki tartib

• He sent his mother a letter.U onasiga xat yubordi. (odam + narsa)
• He sent a letter to his mother.U xatni onasiga yubordi. (narsa + to + odam)
• I’ll buy you a coffee.Senga kofe olib beraman.
• I’ll buy a coffee for you.Kofeni senga olib beraman.
• Can you show me the photos?Menga rasmlarni ko‘rsata olasizmi?
• Can you show the photos to me?Rasmlarni menga ko‘rsata olasizmi?

Diqqat: 1-tartibda predlog yo‘q! give to me the book — xato. give me the book — to‘g‘ri.

to yoki for?

2-tartibda qaysi predlog kelishi fe’lga bog‘liq.

to — “uzatish”, narsa boshqa odamga o‘tadi

for — “kimningdir uchun”, foydasiga

• Could you pass the salt to me?Tuzni uzatib yuborasizmi?
• I lent my bike to Aziz.Velosipedimni Azizga qarzga berdim.
• She cooked a delicious meal for us.U biz uchun mazali ovqat pishirdi.
• Can you get some milk for me?Menga sut olib kela olasanmi?
• I booked a table for four people.To‘rt kishilik stol band qildim.
• My grandfather built this house for his children.Bobom bu uyni bolalari uchun qurgan.

Qoida: narsa boshqa odamga yetib boradi → to; ish kimningdir foydasiga qilinadi → for.

Olmoshlar bilan qoida

Narsa olmosh bo‘lsa (it, them), odatda faqat 2-tartib ishlatiladi:

Odam olmosh bo‘lsa (me, him, her, us, them) va narsa ot bo‘lsa — 1-tartib eng tabiiy:

• Give me the keys. ✓Kalitlarni menga ber.
• I told her the truth. ✓Unga haqiqatni aytdim.
• Can you send us the details? ✓Bizga tafsilotlarni yubora olasizmi?

Yangi ma’lumot oxirida

Ingliz tilida eng muhim, yangi ma’lumot odatda gap oxirida turadi. Shuning uchun tartibni tanlashda nima muhimligiga qarang:

• — What did you give your sister? — I gave her a necklace.— Singlingga nima berding? — Unga marjon berdim. (yangi ma’lumot — narsa)
• — Who did you give the necklace to? — I gave it to my sister.— Marjonni kimga berding? — Uni singlimga berdim. (yangi ma’lumot — odam)

Shuningdek, uzun to‘ldiruvchi odatda oxirga qo‘yiladi:

• I sent the invitation to all the people who came to our wedding.Taklifnomani to‘yimizga kelgan barcha odamlarga yubordim.
• She gave her brother a beautiful old watch that belonged to their grandfather.U akasiga bobosiga tegishli bo‘lgan chiroyli eski soatni berdi.

Faqat bitta tartibli fe’llar

Ba’zi fe’llar ma’nosi bo‘yicha ikki to‘ldiruvchili ko‘rinadi, lekin ular faqat 2-tartibda (to + odam bilan) ishlatiladi. Bu o‘zbek tilida so‘zlashuvchilar uchun eng ko‘p xato qilinadigan joy:

• Can you explain this word to me?Bu so‘zni menga tushuntirib bera olasizmi?
• She described the thief to the police.U o‘g‘rini politsiyaga tasvirlab berdi.
• I suggested a new plan to my boss.Boshlig‘imga yangi reja taklif qildim.
• Let me introduce my colleague to you.Sizni hamkasbim bilan tanishtiray.

say va tell farqi: tell me the truth ✓ (tell — ikki tartib), say the truth to me — biroz g‘alati, say me the truth — xato.

Majhul nisbatda

Ikki to‘ldiruvchili fe’llarning majhul nisbatida ikki variant bor. Odatda odam ega bo‘lgan variant tabiiyroq:

• Someone gave me a book. → I was given a book.Menga kitob berishdi. (tabiiy)
• Someone gave me a book. → A book was given to me.Kitob menga berildi. (rasmiyroq)
• They offered her the job. → She was offered the job.Unga ish taklif qilindi.
• They told us the news. → We were told the news.Bizga yangilikni aytishdi.

Faqat bitta tartibli fe’llarda (explain, describe, suggest) odam ega bo‘la olmaydi:

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Fe’l explain, describe, suggest, say turidanmi? → faqat narsa + to + odam.
2. Narsa olmoshmi (it, them)? → it / them + to / for + odam.
3. Odam olmosh, narsa ot bo‘lsa → odam + narsa (give her the book).
4. 2-tartibda predlog: narsa yetib borsa — to, kimning uchun — for.
5. Majhul nisbat: odam ega bo‘lishi tabiiyroq (I was given...), explain turidagilardan tashqari.

Misol: “Menga bu qoidani tushuntirib bering.”

1. explain — faqat 2-tartib.

Misol: “Onam menga tort pishirdi.”

1. make / bake — for.
2. Odam — olmosh me, narsa — ot → 1-tartib ham mumkin.

Misol: “Kitobni qayerdan olding? — Uni menga Aziz berdi.”

1. Narsa — olmosh it → it + to.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: give me the book = give the book to me; buy me a coffee = buy a coffee for me. Olmosh narsa — give it to me. explain / describe / suggest / say — faqat sth to sb.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Tug‘ilgan kun sovg‘alari

• — What did your friends give you for your birthday?— Do‘stlaring tug‘ilgan kuningga nima sovg‘a qilishdi?
• — Dilnoza gave me a beautiful scarf, and Aziz bought me a book.— Dilnoza menga chiroyli sharf berdi, Aziz esa kitob sotib olib berdi.
• — And your parents?— Ota-onang-chi?
• — They gave me a new phone! My old one I gave to my little brother.— Ular menga yangi telefon berishdi! Eski telefonimni ukamga berdim.
• — And who made the cake for you?— Tortni kim pishirdi senga?
• — My grandmother. She makes one for every grandchild!— Buvim. U har bir nevarasiga bittadan pishiradi!

Ofisda

• — Could you send me the report by Friday?— Hisobotni menga jumagacha yubora olasizmi?
• — Of course. Should I send a copy to the director too?— Albatta. Direktorga ham nusxasini yuboraymi?
• — Yes, please. And can you explain the new figures to the team on Monday?— Ha, iltimos. Yana dushanba kuni yangi raqamlarni jamoaga tushuntirib bera olasizmi?
• — Sure. I’ll prepare a short presentation for them.— Albatta. Ular uchun qisqa taqdimot tayyorlayman.

Kichik matn: “Yaxshi qo‘shni”

Our neighbour, Mrs Karimova, is the kindest person I know. When we moved into our flat, she brought us a big plate of plov and showed us where all the shops were. Every week she buys bread for her elderly friend downstairs. Last month, when my mother was ill, Mrs Karimova cooked dinner for our family every evening. She also lent her car to my father when his broke down. I wanted to thank her, so I wrote her a letter and gave it to her with some flowers. She explained to me that helping people makes her happy.

Matndagi ikki to‘ldiruvchili fe’llarni toping. Qaysilari 1-tartibda (odam + narsa), qaysilari 2-tartibda (narsa + to / for + odam)?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Menga tuzni uzatib yuboring. → Pass me the salt. / Pass the salt to me.
2. U onasiga gul sotib oldi. → He bought his mother flowers. / He bought flowers for his mother.
3. Kalitlarni Azizga ber (them bilan). → Give them to Aziz.
4. Bu so‘zni menga tushuntira olasizmi? → Can you explain this word to me?
5. U bizga haqiqatni aytdi. → She told us the truth.
6. Menga ish taklif qilishdi. (majhul) → I was offered a job.
7. U menga yaxshi film tavsiya qildi. → He suggested a good film to me.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Ikki to‘ldiruvchili fe’llar: give, send, show, tell, buy, make, lend, offer...
• 1-tartib: fe’l + odam + narsa (predlogsiz): give me the book.
• 2-tartib: fe’l + narsa + to / for + odam: give the book to me.
• to — narsa yetib boradi (give, send, tell, lend); for — kimningdir uchun (buy, make, cook, get).
• Narsa olmosh bo‘lsa — give it to me (give me it emas).
• explain, describe, suggest, say, introduce — faqat sth to sb.
• Majhulda odam ega: I was given a book (explain turidan tashqari).