Be able to

Oddiy qilib aytganda

can — qobiliyat: I can swim. Lekin can ning faqat ikki shakli bor: can (hozir) va could (o‘tmish). Kelajak, Present Perfect yoki infinitiv kerak bo‘lsa — be able to ishlatiladi.

be able to = can, lekin be fe’li har qanday zamonga moslashadi.

• After this course, you’ll be able to speak English.Bu kursdan keyin inglizcha gapira olasiz.
• I haven’t been able to sleep well recently.So‘nggi paytda yaxshi uxlay olmayapman.
• I’d love to be able to play the guitar.Gitara chala olishni juda xohlardim.
• Luckily, we were able to catch the last train.Omadimizga, oxirgi poyezdga ulgurdik.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. be able to — barcha zamonlarda.
2. will be able to — kelajak qobiliyati.
3. have been able to — Present Perfect.
4. to be able to — infinitiv sifatida.
5. was able to va could farqi.
6. manage to — qiyinchilik bilan uddalash.

can yetmaganda

Kelajak

• When I finish school, I’ll be able to work.Maktabni bitirsam, ishlay olaman.
• Don’t worry, you’ll be able to do it.Xavotir olma, buni uddalaysan.
• I won’t be able to come tomorrow.Ertaga kela olmayman.

Diqqat: kelajakdagi qaror yoki ruxsat haqida can ham mumkin: I can help you tomorrow. Lekin yangi qobiliyat (o‘rganib olinadigan) — faqat will be able to.

Present Perfect

• Since the operation, he has been able to walk again.Operatsiyadan beri u yana yura oladi.
• I haven’t been able to find a job yet.Hali ish topa olmadim.

Infinitiv va -ing

• I’d like to be able to speak Chinese.Xitoycha gapira olishni istardim.
• It’s important to be able to drive.Mashina hayday olish muhim.
• Being able to speak English is very useful.Inglizcha gapira olish juda foydali.

was able to va could

Inkorda farq yo‘q: I couldn’t / wasn’t able to find it.

manage to

manage to — qiyinchilik bilan uddalash, was able to ga yaqin:

• The exam was hard, but I managed to pass.Imtihon qiyin edi, lekin o‘tishga muvaffaq bo‘ldim.
• Did you manage to fix the car?Mashinani tuzata oldingizmi?
• We didn’t manage to get tickets.Chipta olishga muvaffaq bo‘lmadik.

be able to va qobiliyat darajasi

be able to dan oldin turli so‘zlar qo‘shilib, qobiliyat darajasini ko‘rsatish mumkin:

• I’m not able to come today.Bugun kela olmayman. (rasmiy, muloyim)
• She’s unable to walk after the accident.Avariyadan keyin u yura olmaydi. (rasmiy)
• He’s well able to look after himself.U o‘ziga bemalol qaray oladi.
• Will you be able to help me tomorrow?Ertaga menga yordam bera olasizmi?

unable to = not able to — rasmiy uslubda: We are unable to answer your call. — Qo‘ng‘irog‘ingizga javob bera olmaymiz.

Modal fe’llar bilan

can boshqa modal fe’l bilan birga kela olmaydi. Shuning uchun be able to ishlatiladi:

• You might be able to buy tickets online.Chiptalarni onlayn sotib olishingiz mumkin.
• I should be able to finish by five.Beshgacha tugata olishim kerak.
• They must be able to speak English for this job.Bu ish uchun ular inglizcha gapira olishlari shart.
• I’d like to be able to play the piano.Pianino chala olishni xohlardim.

Shart gaplarda

• If I had more time, I would be able to help you.Ko‘proq vaqtim bo‘lganida, sizga yordam bera olardim.
• If you practise, you’ll be able to speak fluently.Mashq qilsangiz, ravon gapira olasiz.
• I wouldn’t have been able to do it without you.Sizsiz buni uddalay olmagan bo‘lardim.

Qobiliyat — umumiy jadval

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Hozirgi zamon? → can (oddiyroq) yoki am/is/are able to.
2. Boshqa zamon yoki modal kerakmi? → be able to (be ni zamonga moslang).
3. O‘tmishda bir martalik muvaffaqiyat? → was able to / managed to.

Misol: “Bir yildan keyin ingliz tilida erkin gapira olaman.”

Misol: “Men ikki haftadan beri ishlay olmayapman.”

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: can — faqat hozir/o‘tmish (could). Boshqa hamma joyda — be able to: will be able to, have been able to, to be able to.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Kurs haqida

• — Will I be able to speak English after this course?— Bu kursdan keyin inglizcha gapira olamanmi?
• — Yes! After six months, you’ll be able to have simple conversations.— Ha! Olti oydan keyin oddiy suhbat qura olasiz.
• — I’ve tried before, but I haven’t been able to remember the grammar.— Avval ham urinib ko‘rganman, lekin grammatikani eslab qola olmadim.
• — Don’t worry. Being able to practise every day is the key.— Xavotir olmang. Har kuni mashq qila olish — asosiy kalit.
• — Last year I managed to pass the A2 exam.— O‘tgan yili A2 imtihonidan o‘tishga muvaffaq bo‘ldim.
• — Great! Then you might be able to start at B1.— Zo‘r! Unda B1 dan boshlashingiz mumkin.

Tibbiy markazda

• — Good morning. I’d like to see a doctor today.— Xayrli tong. Bugun shifokorga ko‘rinmoqchiman.
• — I’m sorry, the doctor isn’t able to see anyone this morning.— Kechirasiz, shifokor bugun ertalab hech kimni qabul qila olmaydi.
• — Will I be able to see her this afternoon?— Tushdan keyin qabul qila oladimi?
• — You might be able to see her at three.— Soat uchda ko‘rinishingiz mumkin.
• — Great. I haven’t been able to sleep for three nights.— Zo‘r. Uch kechadan beri uxlay olmayapman.
• — Don’t worry, she should be able to help you.— Xavotir olmang, u sizga yordam bera olishi kerak.

Kichik matn: “Avariyadan keyin”

Two years ago I had a bad accident and broke my leg. For months I wasn’t able to walk. I couldn’t go to work, and I wasn’t able to drive. The doctors said I might never be able to run again. But I worked hard with a physiotherapist. After six months, I was able to walk without crutches. Last year I managed to run five kilometres! Now I can run almost as fast as before. Next year, I hope to be able to run a marathon.

Matndagi qobiliyat iboralarini toping va ularni zamonlar bo‘yicha ajrating.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Next year, I ___ ___ ___ ___ drive. → will be able to
2. She ___ ___ ___ ___ find a job since she moved. (inkor) → hasn’t been able to
3. I’d like ___ ___ ___ ___ play chess. → to be able to
4. The door was locked, but we ___ ___ ___ get in through the window. → were able to / managed to
5. Tuzating: You will can do it! → You will be able to do it!
6. Chiptalarni onlayn sotib olishingiz mumkin. → You might be able to buy tickets online.
7. Pianino chala olishni xohlardim. → I’d like to be able to play the piano.
8. Uch kechadan beri uxlay olmayapman. → I haven’t been able to sleep for three nights.
9. Qo‘ng‘irog‘ingizga javob bera olmaymiz. (rasmiy) → We are unable to answer your call.

Qisqa xulosa

• be able to = can, lekin barcha zamonlarda.
• Kelajak: will be able to (will can — xato).
• Present Perfect: have been able to.
• Infinitiv: to be able to; -ing: being able to.
• Modal bilan: might / should be able to.
• O‘tmishda bir martalik muvaffaqiyat: was able to / managed to (could emas).