Present Perfect Simple or Continuous?

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ikkala zamon ham o‘tmish va hozirni bog‘laydi, lekin e’tibor turli joyda:

• Present Perfect Simple (have + V3) — natija, qancha bajarilgani: I’ve read three books. (Uchta kitob o‘qib bo‘ldim.)
• Present Perfect Continuous (have been + -ing) — jarayon, qancha vaqt davom etgani: I’ve been reading all day. (Kun bo‘yi o‘qiyapman.)

• She’s painted the kitchen.U oshxonani bo‘yab bo‘ldi. (tayyor)
• She’s been painting the kitchen.U oshxonani bo‘yayapti. (hali tugamagan, qo‘llari bo‘yoq)
• I’ve lost my keys.Kalitlarimni yo‘qotdim. (natija: hozir yo‘q)
• I’ve been looking for them all morning.Ertalabdan beri ularni qidiryapman.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Natija va jarayon farqi.
2. How many / How much — Simple; How long — Continuous.
3. Tugagan va tugamagan ish.
4. Ko‘rinib turgan izlar: You’ve been crying.
5. Holat fe’llari — faqat Simple.
6. live, work, study — ikkalasi ham mumkin.

Natija yoki jarayon?

Son yoki vaqt?

• How many chapters have you written? — I’ve written four.Nechta bob yozdingiz? — To‘rtta.
• How long have you been writing the book? — For a year.Kitobni qancha vaqtdan beri yozyapsiz? — Bir yildan beri.

Diqqat: son yoki miqdor bo‘lsa — Continuous ishlatilmaydi: I’ve been reading three books — xato.

Tugaganmi?

Ko‘rinib turgan iz

Continuous — yaqinda tugagan jarayonning hozir ko‘rinib turgan izi haqida:

• Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?Ko‘zlaring qizarib ketibdi. Yig‘ladingmi?
• The ground is wet. It’s been raining.Yer ho‘l. Yomg‘ir yog‘ibdi.
• You’re out of breath! — I’ve been running.Nafasingiz qisib qoldi! — Yugurgandim.

Holat fe’llari

know, like, want, believe, understand, have (bor), be — Continuous shaklda ishlatilmaydi. Davomiylik bo‘lsa ham — Simple:

Ikkalasi ham mumkin

live, work, study, teach, wait kabi fe’llar bilan for / since — farq juda kichik:

• I’ve lived here for ten years. = I’ve been living here for ten years.O‘n yildan beri shu yerda yashayman.

Continuous — biroz vaqtinchalikroq yoki hissiyotliroq; Simple — doimiyroq.

How long va How many / How much savollari

Savol turi zamonni tanlashga yordam beradi:

• — How long have you been learning English? — For three years.— Qancha vaqtdan beri ingliz tilini o‘rganyapsiz? — Uch yildan beri.
• — How many words have you learnt? — About two thousand.— Nechta so‘z o‘rgandingiz? — Taxminan ikki ming.
• — How much have you saved? — Not enough!— Qancha pul yig‘dingiz? — Yetarli emas!

Yaqinda tugagan, natijasi ko‘rinib turgan harakat

Harakat hozirgina tugagan bo‘lsa ham, uning izi ko‘rinib tursa — Present Perfect Continuous:

• Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?Ko‘zlaring qizarib ketibdi. Yig‘ladingmi?
• I’m tired because I’ve been working all day.Charchadim, chunki kun bo‘yi ishladim.
• The ground is wet. It’s been raining.Yer ho‘l. Yomg‘ir yog‘ibdi.
• You’re out of breath! Have you been running?Nafasing qisib qolibdi! Yugurdingmi?

Bu yerda biz natijani emas, jarayonni (va uning izini) ta’kidlaymiz.

Takrorlanuvchi harakat

So‘nggi vaqtda qayta-qayta bo‘layotgan harakat uchun ham Continuous:

• I’ve been calling you all morning!Ertalabdan beri senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilyapman!
• She’s been visiting her grandmother every weekend.U har dam olish kuni buvisini ko‘rgani borib turibdi.
• We’ve been having problems with the internet lately.So‘nggi paytda internet bilan muammolarimiz bo‘lyapti.

Taqqoslash — bir xil fe’l

• I’ve read your book.Kitobingni o‘qib chiqdim. (tugatdim)
• I’ve been reading your book.Kitobingni o‘qiyapman. (hali tugamagan)
• She’s painted the kitchen.U oshxonani bo‘yab bo‘ldi. (natija)
• She’s been painting the kitchen.U oshxonani bo‘yayotgan edi. (jarayon, izi — qo‘lida bo‘yoq)

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Holat fe’limi? → Simple.
2. Natija, son, “nechta”? → Simple.
3. Jarayon, “qancha vaqt”, hozirgi iz? → Continuous.

Misol: “Men ertalabdan beri dars qilyapman. Uchta mashqni bajardim.”

1. Jarayon + vaqt → Continuous. Son → Simple.

Misol: “Ularni bolalikdan beri taniyman.”

1. know — holat fe’li → Simple.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: natija / son / nechta → have + V3. jarayon / qancha vaqt / iz → have been + -ing. Holat fe’llari → faqat Simple.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ta’mir

• — You look tired! What have you been doing?— Charchagan ko‘rinasan! Nima bilan band eding?
• — I’ve been painting the flat all day.— Kun bo‘yi kvartirani bo‘yadim.
• — Wow! How many rooms have you painted?— Voy! Nechta xonani bo‘yading?
• — I’ve finished the bedroom and the kitchen.— Yotoqxona va oshxonani tugatdim.
• — How long have you been doing this?— Qancha vaqtdan beri shu bilan bandsan?
• — Since Saturday. I’ve used ten litres of paint!— Shanbadan beri. O‘n litr bo‘yoq ishlatdim!

Ofisda

• — You look exhausted! What have you been doing?— Juda charchagan ko‘rinasan! Nima qilding?
• — I’ve been working on the report since eight.— Sakkizdan beri hisobot ustida ishlayapman.
• — Have you finished it?— Tugatdingmi?
• — Not yet. I’ve written ten pages, but there are five more.— Hali yo‘q. O‘n bet yozdim, yana besh bet bor.
• — How long have you been sitting at that computer?— O‘sha kompyuter oldida qancha vaqtdan beri o‘tiribsan?
• — Too long! I’ve only had one coffee all day.— Juda uzoq! Kun bo‘yi faqat bitta qahva ichdim.

Kichik matn: “Marafonga tayyorgarlik”

I’ve been training for a marathon since January. I’ve been running five times a week, and I’ve already lost six kilos. So far, I’ve run three half-marathons. My legs hurt today because I’ve been running in the mountains all weekend. My wife has been helping me — she’s cooked healthy meals every day. I’ve never felt so fit! The marathon is next month, and I’ve just bought new running shoes.

Matndagi Present Perfect va Present Perfect Continuous gaplarini ajrating. Qaysilari natijani, qaysilari jarayonni ko‘rsatadi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (write) three emails this morning. → ’ve written
2. She ___ (wait) for the bus for 30 minutes. → ’s been waiting
3. Your hair is wet. ___ you ___ (swim)? → Have / been swimming
4. We ___ (know) each other since school. → ’ve known
5. How many pages ___ you ___ (read)? → have / read
6. Tuzating: I’ve been visiting five countries. → I’ve visited five countries.
7. Qancha vaqtdan beri kutyapsan? → How long have you been waiting?
8. Nechta xat yozding? → How many letters have you written?
9. Ko‘zlaring qizil. Yig‘ladingmi? → Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?
10. Men uni yillardan beri taniyman. → I’ve known her for years.

Qisqa xulosa

• Simple (have + V3) — natija, son, tugagan ish: I’ve read 3 books.
• Continuous (have been + -ing) — jarayon, davomiylik: I’ve been reading for 2 hours.
• How many / How much → Simple; How long → Continuous.
• Hozir ko‘rinib turgan iz → Continuous: You’ve been crying.
• Holat fe’llari (know, like, have) → faqat Simple.
• live, work, study + for/since — ikkalasi ham mumkin.