Be on the verge of, Be set to

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Kelajakni will, going to, Present Continuous bilan ifodalashni bilasiz. C1 darajasida esa yaqin kelajak, muqarrarlik va rasmiy rejalar uchun maxsus iboralar o‘rganiladi:

• be about to + fe’l — “hozir ...moqchi”, “...ish arafasida”: The train is about to leave.
• be on the point of + -ing — “...ishiga sal qoldi”: She was on the point of crying.
• be on the verge of + ot / -ing — “...ning yoqasida”: The company is on the verge of collapse.
• be on the brink of + ot — “...ning yoqasida” (dramatik): on the brink of war.
• be set to + fe’l — “...ishi kutilmoqda” (yangiliklar): Prices are set to rise.
• be due to + fe’l — “jadval bo‘yicha”: The plane is due to land at 5.

Bu iboralar voqea qanchalik yaqin yoki qanchalik aniq ekanini ko‘rsatadi va nutqni jonli, aniq qiladi.

O‘zbek tilida bu ma’nolar “endi ...moqchi edi”, “...ishiga oz qoldi”, “...ish arafasida”, “...ish yoqasida”, “...ishi kutilmoqda” kabi iboralar bilan beriladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. be about to — juda yaqin kelajak.
2. be on the point of — sal qoldi.
3. be on the verge / brink of — yoqasida.
4. be set to va be poised to — yangiliklar tili.
5. be due to va be scheduled to — jadval va reja.
6. O‘tmishda: was about to — bajarilmagan niyat.

be about to — juda yaqin kelajak

be about to + fe’l — harakat bir necha soniya yoki daqiqa ichida bo‘ladi. Bu kelajakni ifodalashning eng yaqin usuli.

• Hurry up! The train is about to leave.Tezroq! Poyezd jo‘nash arafasida.
• I’m about to go out. Can I call you later?Hozir chiqmoqchiman. Keyinroq qo‘ng‘iroq qilsam bo‘ladimi?
• The film is about to start — turn off your phone.Film boshlanish arafasida — telefoningni o‘chir.
• Be quiet! The baby’s about to fall asleep.Jim bo‘l! Chaqaloq uxlab qolay deyapti.

Diqqat: be about to odatda aniq vaqt ko‘rsatkichi bilan ishlatilmaydi: The train is about to leave in five minutes — g‘alati. Chunki about to o‘zi “hozir” ma’nosini beradi. Buning o‘rniga: The train is leaving in five minutes.

be just about to

just qo‘shilsa — yanada yaqinroq: I was just about to call you! — “Aynan senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim!”

be on the point of + -ing

be on the point of + -ing — “...ishiga sal qoldi”, “...moqchi bo‘lib turgandi”. Ma’nosi be about to ga yaqin, lekin biroz rasmiyroq va ko‘pincha o‘tmishda ishlatiladi.

• She was on the point of crying when he finally apologised.U yig‘lab yuborishiga sal qolganda, u nihoyat kechirim so‘radi.
• I was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.Ketmoqchi bo‘lib turgandim, telefon jiringladi.
• The two companies are on the point of signing a deal.Ikki kompaniya shartnoma imzolash arafasida.

Diqqat: of dan keyin -ing: on the point of leaving (on the point of leave — xato).

be on the verge / brink of

Bu ikki ibora “...ning yoqasida” degan ma’noni beradi — muhim, ko‘pincha katta yoki dramatik o‘zgarish oldida turish.

• Scientists are on the verge of a major discovery.Olimlar katta kashfiyot yoqasida turibdi.
• She was on the verge of tears.U yig‘lab yuborish arafasida edi.
• The company is on the verge of bankruptcy.Kompaniya bankrotlik yoqasida.
• The two countries are on the brink of war.Ikki davlat urush yoqasida.
• Many animals are on the brink of extinction.Ko‘plab hayvonlar yo‘qolib ketish yoqasida.
• He was on the verge of giving up when he finally succeeded.U taslim bo‘lish arafasida edi, nihoyat muvaffaqiyatga erishdi.

Ulardan keyin ot yoki -ing keladi.

be set to va be poised to — yangiliklar tili

be set to + fe’l — “...ishi kutilmoqda”, “...ga tayyor”. Bu ibora gazeta, yangiliklar va biznes matnlarida juda keng tarqalgan.

• Prices are set to rise again next month.Kelasi oy narxlar yana oshishi kutilmoqda.
• The film is set to become the biggest hit of the year.Film yilning eng katta hitiga aylanishi kutilmoqda.
• Uzbekistan is set to host the international conference.O‘zbekiston xalqaro konferensiyaga mezbonlik qilmoqchi.
• Temperatures are set to reach 40 °C this weekend.Bu dam olish kunlari harorat 40 darajaga yetishi kutilmoqda.

be poised to + fe’l — “...ga shay”, “tayyor turibdi” (ko‘pincha muvaffaqiyat oldidan):

• The team is poised to win the championship.Jamoa chempionlikni qo‘lga kiritishga shay.
• The company is poised to enter the Asian market.Kompaniya Osiyo bozoriga kirishga tayyor.

be due to va be scheduled to

be due to + fe’l — jadval yoki rasmiy reja bo‘yicha. be scheduled to — xuddi shunday, rasmiyroq.

• The plane is due to land at 5.30.Samolyot jadval bo‘yicha 5:30 da qo‘nishi kerak.
• The new hospital is due to open in June.Yangi kasalxona iyunda ochilishi rejalashtirilgan.
• The meeting is scheduled to start at ten.Yig‘ilish soat o‘nda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan.
• The report is due next Friday.Hisobot kelasi juma kuni topshirilishi kerak.

be to + fe’l — rasmiy reja (gazetalarda): The President is to visit China. Batafsil — “Be to” darsida.

O‘tmishda: bajarilmagan niyat

Bu iboralar o‘tmishda ishlatilsa, ko‘pincha niyat bajarilmaganini yoki to‘xtatilganini bildiradi:

• I was about to leave when it started to rain.Ketmoqchi bo‘lib turgandim, yomg‘ir yog‘a boshladi.
• We were just about to have dinner when the guests arrived.Kechki ovqatga o‘tirmoqchi edik, mehmonlar kelib qolishdi.
• She was on the point of saying yes, but then she changed her mind.U “ha” deyishiga sal qoldi, lekin keyin fikridan qaytdi.
• The plane was due to land at six, but it was delayed.Samolyot oltida qo‘nishi kerak edi, lekin kechikdi.

was about to ... when ... — juda keng tarqalgan hikoya tuzilmasi: “...moqchi edim, shu payt...”.

Iboralarni solishtiring

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Voqea hozir, bir necha daqiqada bo‘ladimi? → be about to.
2. Katta o‘zgarish yoqasidami? → be on the verge / brink of.
3. Yangilik yoki prognozmi? → be set to / be poised to.
4. Jadval yoki rejami? → be due to / be scheduled to.
5. O‘tmishda bajarilmagan niyatmi? → was about to ... when.

Misol: “Shoshil! Do‘kon yopilish arafasida.”

1. Juda yaqin → be about to.

Misol: “Kompaniya bankrotlik yoqasida.”

1. Katta, salbiy o‘zgarish → on the verge / brink of.

Misol: “Senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim, sen o‘zing qo‘ng‘iroq qilding.”

1. O‘tmishda bajarilmagan niyat → was about to ... when.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: be about to + fe’l — hozir; be on the point / verge / brink of + -ing / ot — yoqasida; be set to — kutilmoqda (yangilik); be due to — jadval bo‘yicha; was about to ... when — bajarilmagan niyat.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ishxonada

• — Do you have a minute?— Bir daqiqangiz bormi?
• — Sorry, I’m about to go into a meeting.— Kechirasiz, hozir yig‘ilishga kirmoqchiman.
• — It’s important. The client is on the verge of cancelling the contract.— Bu muhim. Mijoz shartnomani bekor qilish arafasida.
• — What? The deal was due to be signed tomorrow!— Nima? Shartnoma ertaga imzolanishi kerak edi-ku!
• — I know. I was on the point of calling you when you walked in.— Bilaman. Siz kirganingizda aynan sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim.

Yangiliklarda

• Global temperatures are set to break records this year.Bu yil global harorat rekordlarni yangilashi kutilmoqda.
• Scientists say several species are on the brink of extinction.Olimlarning aytishicha, bir nechta tur yo‘qolib ketish yoqasida.
• The new metro line is due to open in December.Yangi metro liniyasi dekabrda ochilishi rejalashtirilgan.
• The national team is poised to qualify for the World Cup.Terma jamoa jahon chempionatiga yo‘llanma olishga shay.

Kichik matn: “Hayotimni o‘zgartirgan qo‘ng‘iroq”

Two years ago, I was on the verge of giving up my dream of becoming a writer. I had sent my novel to twenty publishers, and nobody wanted it. One evening I was about to delete the whole manuscript when my phone rang. It was a publisher from London. “Your book is set to be one of our biggest releases next year,” she said. I couldn’t believe it. The book was due to come out in March, but it was delayed until May. Now, I’m about to start my second novel, and my first one is on the point of being translated into five languages.

Matndagi barcha kelajak iboralarini toping. Qaysilari o‘tmishda bajarilmagan niyatni bildiradi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Shoshil! Poyezd jo‘nash arafasida. → Hurry up! The train is about to leave.
2. U yig‘lab yuborishiga sal qoldi. → She was on the point of crying.
3. Ikki davlat urush yoqasida. → The two countries are on the brink of war.
4. Narxlar oshishi kutilmoqda. (yangilik) → Prices are set to rise.
5. Samolyot soat oltida qo‘nishi kerak. (jadval) → The plane is due to land at six.
6. Ketmoqchi edim, telefon jiringladi. → I was about to leave when the phone rang.
7. Olimlar katta kashfiyot yoqasida. → Scientists are on the verge of a major discovery.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• be about to + fe’l — juda yaqin kelajak (aniq vaqtsiz).
• be on the point of + -ing — sal qoldi.
• be on the verge of / on the brink of + ot / -ing — yoqasida (brink — dramatik).
• be set to / be poised to + fe’l — yangiliklarda “kutilmoqda”, “shay”.
• be due to / be scheduled to + fe’l — jadval va reja.
• O‘tmish: was about to ... when ... — bajarilmagan niyat.
• of dan keyin -ing, to dan keyin fe’lning 1-shakli.