It for Weather, Time and Distance
Ob-havo, vaqt va masofa: it
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
O‘zbekchada “Sovuq.”, “Soat besh.”, “Uzoq.” deymiz — ega kerak emas. Inglizchada esa har bir gapda ega bo‘lishi shart. Shuning uchun bunday gaplarda ma’nosi yo‘q, “bo‘sh” ega — it ishlatiladi.
Bu it hech narsani ko‘rsatmaydi va tarjima qilinmaydi. U faqat gapni grammatik jihatdan to‘liq qiladi.
- It’s hot today.Bugun issiq.
- It’s half past six.Soat olti yarim.
- It’s my birthday tomorrow.Ertaga tug‘ilgan kunim.
- It’s two kilometres to the station.Bekatgacha ikki kilometr.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- Nega inglizchada “bo‘sh ega” kerak.
- Ob-havo: It’s sunny, It’s raining.
- Vaqt va sana: It’s 5 o’clock, It’s Friday.
- Masofa: It’s far, How far is it?
- Vaziyat va baho: It’s nice, It’s difficult to...
- Savol va inkor shakllari.
Ob-havo
Ob-havo haqida sifat bilan ham, fe’l bilan ham gapiriladi:
| It + be + sifat | It + fe’l |
|---|---|
| It’s sunny. (quyoshli) | It’s raining. (yomg‘ir yog‘yapti) |
| It’s cloudy. (bulutli) | It’s snowing. (qor yog‘yapti) |
| It’s windy. (shamolli) | It rains a lot in spring. |
| It’s warm / hot / cold. | It snows in winter. |
- It’s very windy today.Bugun shamol kuchli.
- It’s raining. Take an umbrella.Yomg‘ir yog‘yapti. Soyabon oling.
- It doesn’t snow in Termez.Termizda qor yog‘maydi.
- Is it cold outside?Tashqarida sovuqmi?
Diqqat: Is raining. — xato. Today is raining. — xato. Ega it bo‘lishi kerak: It’s raining today.
Vaqt va sana
- — What time is it? — It’s ten o’clock.— Soat necha? — O‘n.
- It’s late. Let’s go home.Kech bo‘ldi. Uyga ketaylik.
- It’s Saturday!Bugun shanba!
- It’s the first of September.Bugun birinchi sentabr.
- It’s time for lunch.Tushlik vaqti bo‘ldi.
Masofa
- It’s a long way to Nukus.Nukusgacha uzoq yo‘l.
- It isn’t far. It’s just round the corner.Uzoq emas. Burilishda.
Vaziyat va baho
it atrofdagi umumiy holatni ham bildiradi:
- It’s noisy here.Bu yer shovqinli.
- It’s nice to meet you.Tanishganimdan xursandman.
- It’s difficult to learn Chinese.Xitoy tilini o‘rganish qiyin.
- It’s easy to cook plov? No, it isn’t!Osh pishirish osonmi? Yo‘q!
It’s + sifat + to + fe’l — juda foydali tuzilma: It’s important to sleep well.
Savol va inkor
| Darak | Inkor | Savol |
|---|---|---|
| It’s cold. | It isn’t cold. | Is it cold? |
| It’s raining. | It isn’t raining. | Is it raining? |
| It snows here. | It doesn’t snow here. | Does it snow here? |
It takes — vaqt sarflanishi
it vaqt haqida gapirganda ham ega bo‘ladi: It takes + vaqt + to + fe’l — “...ga ... vaqt ketadi”:
- It takes ten minutes to walk to school.Maktabgacha piyoda o‘n daqiqa ketadi.
- It took me two hours to finish the test.Testni tugatishimga ikki soat ketdi.
- How long does it take to get to Samarkand?Samarqandga borishga qancha vaqt ketadi?
Batafsil — B1 darajasidagi “It takes, spend, waste” darsida.
It’s + sifat + to + fe’l — baho berish
it butun harakatga baho berganda ham ishlatiladi. Bu juda keng tarqalgan tuzilma:
- It’s nice to meet you.Siz bilan tanishganimdan xursandman.
- It’s dangerous to swim here.Bu yerda suzish xavfli.
- It’s important to drink water.Suv ichish muhim.
- It’s difficult for children to sit still.Bolalar uchun jim o‘tirish qiyin.
- Is it possible to pay by card?Karta orqali to‘lash mumkinmi?
Bu yerda To learn English is easy deyish ham mumkin, lekin It’s easy to learn English — ancha tabiiy.
Bugungi kun, oy va fasl
it bilan kunlar, sanalar va bayramlar haqida ham gapiriladi:
- It’s Monday today.Bugun dushanba.
- It’s the 5th of May.Bugun 5-may.
- It’s my birthday tomorrow!Ertaga tug‘ilgan kunim!
- It’s Navruz next week.Kelasi hafta Navro‘z.
- It’s summer, so it’s hot.Yoz, shuning uchun issiq.
Bosqichma-bosqich
- O‘zbekcha gapda ega bormi? “Sovuq” — yo‘q.
- Ob-havo, vaqt, sana, masofa yoki vaziyatmi? Ha → It.
- It + is + sifat/vaqt yoki It + fe’l.
Misol: “Qor yog‘yapti.”
- Ega yo‘q, ob-havo → It.
- Hozir bo‘layapti → Present Continuous.
Misol: “Bu yerdan markazgacha qancha?”
- Masofa → it. Savol: How far is it.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ Is cold today.
✓ It’s cold today.
Ega it bo‘lishi shart.
✗ Today is raining.
✓ It’s raining today.
Ega — it, today emas.
✗ Is 5 o’clock.
✓ It’s 5 o’clock.
Vaqtda ham it.
✗ There is cold.
✓ It is cold.
Ob-havo — it.
✗ It’s rain.
✓ It’s raining. / It rains.
rain — fe’l sifatida.
✗ How far is to the city?
✓ How far is it to the city?
it tushib qolmasin.
✗ Is difficult to understand.
✓ It’s difficult to understand.
it kerak.
✗ Takes ten minutes to school.
✓ It takes ten minutes to get to school.
Ega it kerak.
✗ Is easy to learn English.
✓ It’s easy to learn English.
Ega it kerak.
✗ It’s difficult for me get up early.
✓ It’s difficult for me to get up early.
for + kishi + to.
✗ Today is Monday. → Is Monday today.
✓ It’s Monday today.
Ega it kerak.
✗ It’s danger to swim here.
✓ It’s dangerous to swim here.
it’s + sifat.
Eslab qoling: inglizcha gapda ega shart. Ob-havo, vaqt, sana, masofa — It’s...
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Telefonda
- — Hi! How’s the weather in Tashkent?— Salom! Toshkentda havo qanday?
- — It’s really hot. It’s 40 degrees!— Juda issiq. 40 daraja!
- — Wow. It’s raining here in London.— Voy. Bu yerda, Londonda yomg‘ir yog‘yapti.
- — Again? Does it rain every day?— Yana-mi? Har kuni yomg‘ir yog‘adimi?
- — Almost! What time is it there?— Deyarli! U yerda soat necha?
- — It’s nine in the evening. It’s late!— Kechqurun to‘qqiz. Kech bo‘ldi!
Mehmonxonada
- — Excuse me, how far is it to the old city?— Kechirasiz, eski shahargacha qancha masofa?
- — It’s about two kilometres. It takes twenty minutes on foot.— Taxminan ikki kilometr. Piyoda yigirma daqiqa ketadi.
- — Is it safe to walk at night?— Kechasi piyoda yurish xavfsizmi?
- — Yes, it’s very safe. But it’s cold in the evening, so take a jacket.— Ha, juda xavfsiz. Lekin kechqurun sovuq bo‘ladi, kurtka oling.
- — Thank you. And what time is it now?— Rahmat. Hozir soat necha?
- — It’s half past six.— Olti yarim.
Kichik matn: “Qishki kun”
It’s Saturday, and it’s snowing outside. It’s very cold — minus ten degrees! It’s too cold to go to the park, so I’m staying at home. It’s nice to sit by the window with a cup of tea. It’s only three o’clock, but it’s already getting dark. My grandmother lives in the next town. It’s not far — it takes only fifteen minutes by car — but it’s dangerous to drive in this weather. Maybe tomorrow it will be sunny.
Matndagi har bir it ni toping. Ularning qaysi biri ob-havo, vaqt, masofa yoki baho haqida?
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- ___ sunny today. → It’s
- What time is ___? → it
- ___ snowing! Let’s go outside! → It’s
- How far ___ ___ to the bank? → is it
- Tuzating: Is very cold outside. → It’s very cold outside.
- ___ difficult to wake up early. → It’s
- Maktabgacha piyoda o‘n daqiqa ketadi. → It takes ten minutes to walk to school.
- Ingliz tilini o‘rganish qiziq. → It’s interesting to learn English.
- Men uchun erta turish qiyin. → It’s hard for me to get up early.
- Ertaga mening tug‘ilgan kunim. → It’s my birthday tomorrow.
Qisqa xulosa
- Inglizcha gapda ega shart, shuning uchun “bo‘sh” it kerak.
- Ob-havo: It’s sunny. It’s raining. It snows in winter.
- Vaqt va sana: It’s 5 o’clock. It’s Monday.
- Masofa: It’s far. How far is it?
- Vaziyat: It’s noisy here. It’s difficult to...
- Savol: Is it...? Does it...? Inkor: It isn’t... It doesn’t...