Get, Become, Turn

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbekchada holat o‘zgarishini “bo‘lmoq”, “-lashmoq”, “-ib qolmoq” bilan aytamiz: qorong‘i bo‘ldi, sovib qoldi, qizarib ketdi, mashhur bo‘ldi, qarib qoldi. Ingliz tilida esa bu ma’no bir nechta fe’l bilan beriladi va ularning har birining o‘z “do‘stlari” bor:

• get — eng ko‘p ishlatiladi, so‘zlashuvda: It’s getting dark. I got tired.
• become — rasmiyroq, ko‘pincha uzoqroq jarayon: She became a doctor. He became famous.
• turn — rang va keskin o‘zgarish: The leaves turned yellow.
• go — asosan yomon tomonga o‘zgarish: The milk went bad. He went crazy.
• grow — sekin-asta o‘zgarish: It grew colder. We grew older.

Bu fe’llardan keyin odatda sifat keladi (get angry, go red). become dan keyin esa ot ham kelishi mumkin (become a teacher).

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. get + sifat — kundalik holat o‘zgarishi.
2. get + qiyosiy daraja: getting better, getting worse.
3. become — ot va sifat bilan, rasmiy uslub.
4. turn va go — rang va yomonlashish.
5. grow va come true kabi boshqa iboralar.
6. Qaysi fe’l qaysi so‘z bilan ishlatiladi (birikmalar).

get + sifat

get eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan va eng tabiiy fe’l. Kundalik hayotdagi holat o‘zgarishlarini aytishda odatda aynan shu fe’l kerak.

• It’s getting dark. Let’s go home.Qorong‘i tushyapti. Uyga ketaylik.
• I get tired very quickly these days.Shu kunlarda juda tez charchab qolaman.
• Don’t get angry! I was only joking.Jahling chiqmasin! Hazillashdim, xolos.
• The food is getting cold.Ovqat sovib qolyapti.
• She got nervous before the exam.U imtihon oldidan hayajonlanib ketdi.
• We got lost in the old city.Eski shaharda adashib qoldik.
• Get ready! We’re leaving in five minutes.Tayyorlan! Besh daqiqadan keyin ketyapmiz.

Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan birikmalar:

get + qiyosiy daraja

Sekin-asta o‘zgarishni aytish uchun get davomli zamonda va qiyosiy daraja bilan juda ko‘p ishlatiladi:

• Your English is getting better every day.Ingliz tiling kundan-kunga yaxshilanyapti.
• The weather is getting worse.Ob-havo yomonlashyapti.
• It’s getting colder and colder.Borgan sari sovuq bo‘lyapti.
• Prices are getting higher.Narxlar oshib boryapti.

qiyosiy + and + qiyosiy — “borgan sari”: bigger and bigger, more and more expensive.

become — rasmiyroq o‘zgarish

become ma’nosi get ga yaqin, lekin u rasmiyroq va ko‘pincha uzoqroq, jiddiyroq o‘zgarishni bildiradi. Eng muhim farq: become dan keyin ot kela oladi, get dan keyin esa (bu ma’noda) yo‘q.

• My sister wants to become an engineer.Opam muhandis bo‘lmoqchi.
• He became famous after his first film.U birinchi filmidan keyin mashhur bo‘ldi.
• They became good friends at university.Ular universitetda yaxshi do‘st bo‘lib qolishdi.
• It became clear that he was lying.Uning yolg‘on gapirayotgani aniq bo‘ldi.
• The city has become very popular with tourists.Shahar sayyohlar orasida juda mashhur bo‘lib ketdi.

get va become — qaysi birini tanlash?

• I got tired after the long walk.Uzoq yurishdan keyin charchab qoldim. (kundalik, oddiy)
• The situation became dangerous.Vaziyat xavfli tus oldi. (jiddiy, rasmiyroq)
• She became a lawyer in 2020.U 2020-yilda advokat bo‘ldi. (ot — faqat become)

So‘zlashuvda doim get tabiiyroq eshitiladi. Yozma va rasmiy matnda — become.

turn — rang va keskin o‘zgarish

turn ko‘pincha ranglar bilan va tez, ko‘rinib turadigan o‘zgarishlar bilan ishlatiladi.

• The leaves turn yellow in autumn.Kuzda barglar sarg‘ayadi.
• She turned red when he looked at her.U unga qaraganda qizarib ketdi.
• The sky turned dark and it started to rain.Osmon qorong‘ilashdi va yomg‘ir yog‘a boshladi.
• The weather turned cold overnight.Bir kechada havo sovib ketdi.
• My grandfather turned sixty last week.Bobom o‘tgan hafta oltmishga to‘ldi.

Oxirgi gapga e’tibor bering: turn + yosh — “...ga to‘lmoq”: She turned eighteen.

turn into + ot — “...ga aylanmoq”: The caterpillar turned into a butterfly. — Qurt kapalakka aylandi.

go — yomonlashish

go + sifat odatda salbiy o‘zgarishni bildiradi. Bu birikmalarni yodlab olish kerak, chunki ularda get yoki become ishlatilmaydi.

• The milk has gone sour. Don’t drink it.Sut achib qolibdi. Ichma.
• My father started to go bald at thirty.Otam o‘ttiz yoshida kal bo‘la boshladi.
• Everything went wrong on our holiday.Ta’tilimizda hamma narsa teskari ketdi.
• When the teacher came in, the class went quiet.O‘qituvchi kirganda sinf jim bo‘lib qoldi.
• I’ll go crazy if I stay at home all day!Kun bo‘yi uyda o‘tirsam, aqldan ozaman!

grow va boshqa iboralar

grow — sekin-asta, uzoq vaqt davomida bo‘ladigan o‘zgarish. U biroz adabiy eshitiladi.

• My parents are growing old.Ota-onam qarib boryapti.
• As the night went on, she grew tired.Tun davom etgan sari u charchay boshladi.
• The children grew bored with the game.Bolalar o‘yindan zerikib qolishdi.

Yana bir nechta tayyor iboralar:

• My dream came true!Orzuim ushaldi!
• The door came open / The button came loose.Eshik ochilib ketdi. / Tugma bo‘shab qoldi.
• She fell asleep during the film.U film paytida uxlab qoldi.
• He fell ill last week.U o‘tgan hafta kasal bo‘lib qoldi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Keyin ot keladimi? (doctor, friends) → become.
2. Rangmi yoki yoshmi? → turn (turn red, turn 30).
3. Yomonlashishmi? (ovqat buzildi, soch oqardi) → go (go bad, go grey).
4. Kundalik holatmi? (charchash, sovish, adashish) → get.
5. Rasmiy matnmi? → become yoki grow.

Misol: “Havo sovib qolyapti.”

1. Kundalik o‘zgarish, sifat → get.
2. Jarayon hozir → davomli zamon.

Misol: “Go‘sht buzilib qolibdi.”

1. Yomonlashish, ovqat → go bad / go off.

Misol: “U yigirma yoshida aktyor bo‘ldi.”

1. Keyin ot (aktyor) → become.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: get — kundalik (get tired, get dark); become + ot (become a doctor); turn — rang (turn red); go — yomonlashish (go bad, go grey).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Sayohatda

• — It’s getting late and I think we’re getting lost.— Kech bo‘lyapti, menimcha adashyapmiz.
• — Don’t worry. Let’s ask someone before it gets dark.— Xavotir olma. Qorong‘i tushmasdan oldin birovdan so‘raylik.
• — I’m getting hungry too.— Qornim ham ochyapti.
• — Look, the sky is turning red. It’s beautiful!— Qara, osmon qizaryapti. Juda chiroyli!

Eski do‘stlar uchrashuvi

• — Wow, you’ve become a real businessman!— Voy, haqiqiy biznesmen bo‘lib ketibsan!
• — And you’ve gone grey!— Sening sochlaring esa oqarib ketibdi!
• — Yes, we’re getting old. Do you remember our dreams at school?— Ha, qariyapmiz. Maktabdagi orzularimiz esingdami?
• — Of course. And your dream came true — you became a pilot!— Albatta. Sening orzuing ushaldi — uchuvchi bo‘lding!

Kichik matn: “Kuz”

Autumn is my favourite season. In September the days start to get shorter and the nights get colder. By October the leaves turn yellow, orange and red, and the parks become really beautiful. Sometimes the weather turns cold very suddenly, and everyone gets sick. My grandmother says she’s growing old, but she still makes jam from the autumn fruit before it goes bad. As November comes, the city goes quiet, and I get ready for winter.

Matnda holat o‘zgarishini bildiruvchi har bir fe’lni toping. Nima uchun leaves turn yellow, lekin fruit goes bad deyilgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Qorong‘i tushyapti. → It’s getting dark.
2. Opam shifokor bo‘ldi. → My sister became a doctor.
3. Sut achib qolibdi. → The milk has gone sour.
4. U uyalib qizarib ketdi. → She turned red with embarrassment.
5. Ingliz tilim kundan-kunga yaxshilanyapti. → My English is getting better and better.
6. Biz o‘tgan yili turmush qurdik. → We got married last year.
7. Uning orzusi ushaldi. → His dream came true.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• get + sifat — eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan, kundalik holat o‘zgarishi: get tired, get dark, get lost.
• get + qiyosiy: getting better, colder and colder.
• become + ot yoki sifat — rasmiyroq: become a doctor, become famous.
• turn — rang va keskin o‘zgarish, yosh: turn red, turn thirty; turn into + ot.
• go — yomonlashish: go bad, go grey, go bald, go wrong.
• grow — sekin o‘zgarish: grow old.
• Tayyor iboralar: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, get married.