Complex Prepositions

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Murakkab predloglar (complex prepositions) — ikki yoki uch so‘zdan tuzilgan, bitta predlog kabi ishlaydigan iboralar:

with regard to — ...ga nisbatan, ...ga oid by means of — ...yordamida, ...vositasida in the light of — ...ni hisobga olib on behalf of — ...nomidan in accordance with — ...ga muvofiq

Bu predloglar rasmiy yozuvda — xatlar, hisobotlar, hujjatlar, akademik matnlar — juda ko‘p ishlatiladi. Ular oddiy predloglardan (about, with, by, for) aniqroq va rasmiyroq.

I’m writing about your order. — oddiy. I’m writing with regard to your order. — rasmiy.

O‘zbek tilida bu ma’nolar ham ko‘pincha kitobiy iboralar bilan beriladi: ...ga nisbatan, ...ga muvofiq, ...nomidan, ...munosabati bilan, ...dan farqli o‘laroq. Ingliz tilida esa har bir iborada predlog qat’iy belgilangan — ularni yaxlit yodlash kerak.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Mavzu: with regard to, in terms of, as for, concerning.
2. Sabab: due to, owing to, on account of, in the light of.
3. Usul va vosita: by means of, by way of, through.
4. Muvofiqlik va nomidan: in accordance with, on behalf of, according to.
5. Qiyos va zidlik: in contrast to, as opposed to, in comparison with.
6. Qo‘shimcha va istisno: in addition to, apart from, with the exception of.

Mavzu: ...ga oid, ...ga nisbatan

• I am writing with regard to your recent application.Yaqinda bergan arizangiz yuzasidan yozyapman.
• Regarding your question, the answer is yes.Savolingizga kelsak, javob — ha.
• In terms of price, this car is the best option.Narx jihatidan bu mashina eng yaxshi tanlov.
• The two cities are similar in terms of size.Ikki shahar kattaligi jihatidan o‘xshash.
• As for the hotel, it was excellent.Mehmonxonaga kelsak, u ajoyib edi.
• The police want to speak to him in connection with the robbery.Politsiya u bilan talonchilik munosabati bilan gaplashmoqchi.

in terms of — IELTS va akademik yozuvda juda foydali: In terms of education, Finland leads the world.

Sabab: ...sababli, ...tufayli

• The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.Parvoz yomon ob-havo sababli bekor qilindi.
• Owing to illness, the concert has been postponed.Kasallik sababli konsert keyinga qoldirildi.
• He retired early on account of his health.U sog‘lig‘i sababli erta nafaqaga chiqdi.
• In the light of new evidence, the case was reopened.Yangi dalillarni hisobga olib, ish qayta ochildi.
• Thanks to your help, we finished on time.Yordamingiz tufayli o‘z vaqtida tugatdik.

thanks to odatda ijobiy natija uchun; salbiy natija uchun kinoya bilan: Thanks to you, we missed the train! — “Sening sharofating bilan poyezddan qoldik!”

Usul va vosita: ...yordamida

• The data were collected by means of a questionnaire.Ma’lumotlar so‘rovnoma yordamida to‘plandi.
• He offered me flowers by way of an apology.U kechirim sifatida menga gul taqdim etdi.
• She succeeded through hard work.U mehnat orqali muvaffaqiyatga erishdi.
• We found the house with the help of a local guide.Uyni mahalliy gid yordamida topdik.
• He has power by virtue of his position.U lavozimi tufayli hokimiyatga ega.

Muvofiqlik va nomidan

• The work was done in accordance with safety rules.Ish xavfsizlik qoidalariga muvofiq bajarildi.
• According to the forecast, it will rain tomorrow.Ob-havo ma’lumotiga ko‘ra, ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘adi.
• I’d like to thank you on behalf of the whole team.Butun jamoa nomidan sizga minnatdorchilik bildirmoqchiman.
• Sales rose in line with expectations.Savdo kutilganidek oshdi.

Diqqat: according to me — xato! O‘z fikringiz uchun: In my opinion. according to faqat boshqa manba uchun: according to experts, according to the news.

Qiyos va zidlik

• In contrast to her sister, she is very quiet.Opasidan farqli o‘laroq, u juda jim.
• We need quality as opposed to quantity.Bizga miqdor emas, sifat kerak.
• In comparison with last year, prices are higher.O‘tgan yilga nisbatan narxlar yuqoriroq.
• Contrary to popular belief, bats are not blind.Keng tarqalgan fikrga zid ravishda, ko‘rshapalaklar ko‘r emas.

Qo‘shimcha va istisno

• In addition to English, she speaks French and German.Ingliz tilidan tashqari u frantsuz va nemis tillarida gapiradi.
• Apart from the rain, it was a great holiday.Yomg‘irni hisobga olmasak, ajoyib ta’til bo‘ldi.
• Everyone came with the exception of Aziz.Azizdan tashqari hamma keldi.
• The essay is good except for a few mistakes.Bir nechta xatoni hisobga olmasa, insho yaxshi.

apart from ikki ma’noga ega: “...dan tashqari (qo‘shimcha)” (Apart from English, he speaks Russian) va “...ni hisobga olmasa” (Apart from John, everyone came).

Boshqa foydali murakkab predloglar

• They stayed together for the sake of the children.Ular bolalar uchun birga qolishdi.
• He became rich at the expense of his health.U sog‘lig‘i hisobiga boyidi.
• Most people voted in favour of the new law.Ko‘pchilik yangi qonun foydasiga ovoz berdi.
• She moved to London with a view to finding a job.U ish topish maqsadida Londonga ko‘chdi.

with a view to + -ing — with a view to find — xato.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Rasmiy matnmi? → oddiy predlog o‘rniga murakkab predlog ishlating.
2. Ma’noni aniqlang: mavzu, sabab, usul, muvofiqlik, qiyos, qo‘shimcha, istisno.
3. Iborani to‘liq yozing — predloglarni tushirib qoldirmang: with regard to, in accordance with.
4. Keyin ot, olmosh yoki -ing keladi (gap emas!).

Misol: “Buyurtmangiz yuzasidan yozyapman.” (rasmiy)

1. Mavzu, rasmiy → with regard to.

Misol: “Kompaniya nomidan uzr so‘rayman.”

1. Nomidan → on behalf of.

Misol: “Ma’lumotlar so‘rovnoma yordamida to‘plandi.”

1. Vosita → by means of.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: with regard to, in terms of, due to, owing to, by means of, in accordance with, on behalf of, according to, in contrast to, in addition to, apart from — keyin ot / -ing. Predlogni tushirib qoldirmang!

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Rasmiy xat

• Dear Mr Karimov,Hurmatli janob Karimov,
• I am writing with regard to the conference next month.Kelasi oydagi konferensiya yuzasidan yozyapman.
• Owing to unforeseen circumstances, the date has been changed.Kutilmagan holatlar sababli sana o‘zgartirildi.
• In accordance with our policy, all participants will receive a full refund.Siyosatimizga muvofiq, barcha ishtirokchilar to‘liq pulini qaytarib oladi.
• On behalf of the organising committee, I apologise for any inconvenience.Tashkiliy qo‘mita nomidan har qanday noqulaylik uchun uzr so‘rayman.

Hisobot

• In terms of sales, the company had its best year ever.Savdo jihatidan kompaniya o‘zining eng yaxshi yilini o‘tkazdi.
• In comparison with 2023, profits rose by 15%.2023-yilga nisbatan foyda 15% ga oshdi.
• Apart from the Asian market, all regions showed growth.Osiyo bozorini hisobga olmaganda, barcha mintaqalarda o‘sish kuzatildi.
• In the light of these results, we plan to expand further.Ushbu natijalarni hisobga olib, yanada kengayishni rejalashtirmoqdamiz.

Kichik matn: “Universitet e’loni”

Dear students, With regard to the new examination rules, please note the following changes. In accordance with university policy, all exams will now take place online. Owing to the large number of students, exams will be held over two weeks. In addition to the written test, students will have an oral interview. Apart from students with medical certificates, everyone must attend. In the event of technical problems, please contact the IT department immediately. On behalf of the administration, we wish you good luck.

E’londagi barcha murakkab predloglarni toping va ularni o‘zbekchaga tarjima qiling.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Arizangiz yuzasidan yozyapman. → I am writing with regard to your application.
2. Narx jihatidan bu eng yaxshi tanlov. → In terms of price, this is the best option.
3. Kuchli qor sababli maktab yopiq. (rasmiy) → Owing to heavy snow, the school is closed.
4. Butun jamoa nomidan rahmat aytaman. → I thank you on behalf of the whole team.
5. Ish qoidalarga muvofiq bajarildi. → The work was done in accordance with the rules.
6. Ob-havo ma’lumotiga ko‘ra, ertaga issiq bo‘ladi. → According to the forecast, it will be hot tomorrow.
7. Ingliz tilidan tashqari u xitoy tilini biladi. → In addition to English, she knows Chinese.
8. U ish topish maqsadida ko‘chdi. → He moved with a view to finding a job.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Murakkab predloglar — bir nechta so‘zdan iborat, rasmiy yozuvda keng ishlatiladi.
• Mavzu: with regard to, regarding, in terms of, as for, in connection with.
• Sabab: due to, owing to, on account of, in the light of, thanks to.
• Usul: by means of, by way of, through, with the help of, by virtue of.
• Muvofiqlik: in accordance with, according to (according to me — xato!), on behalf of, in line with.
• Qiyos: in contrast to, as opposed to, in comparison with, contrary to.
• Qo‘shimcha / istisno: in addition to, apart from, with the exception of, except for.
• Keyin ot / -ing; with a view to + -ing.