Prepositional Phrases
Predlogli iboralar
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
Predlogli iboralar — predlog va otdan tuzilgan tayyor birikmalar: on time, by mistake, at risk, in danger, out of order. Ularning muhim xususiyati — predlogni mantiq bilan topib bo‘lmaydi, uni yodlash kerak.
Masalan, nega “tasodifan” — by chance, lekin “xavf ostida” — in danger, “nazoratdan tashqari” — out of control, “sotuvda” — on sale? Bunga mantiqiy javob yo‘q — bu shunchaki ingliz tilining odati.
O‘zbekchada bu iboralar ko‘pincha qo‘shimcha yoki bitta so‘z bilan beriladi: tasodifan, adashib, o‘z vaqtida, xavf ostida, buzilgan. Shuning uchun inglizcha iborani yaxlit eslab qolish eng yaxshi usul.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- on time va in time — eng muhim farq.
- on bilan iboralar.
- in bilan iboralar.
- at bilan iboralar.
- by va out of bilan iboralar.
- Chalkash juftliklar: by accident / on purpose, at the end / in the end.
on time va in time
Bu ikki ibora eng ko‘p chalkashtiriladi:
| Ibora | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| on time | belgilangan vaqtda, aniq vaqtida (kechikmasdan) | The train arrived on time. — Poyezd o‘z vaqtida keldi. |
| in time | ulgurib, kech qolmasdan (biror narsadan oldin) | We got to the cinema in time to buy popcorn. — Popkorn olishga ulgurib kinoteatrga yetib keldik. |
- Please be on time for the meeting.Iltimos, yig‘ilishga o‘z vaqtida keling.
- The plane didn’t leave on time — it was delayed.Samolyot o‘z vaqtida uchmadi — kechikdi.
- We arrived just in time to catch the train.Poyezdga ulgurish uchun aynan vaqtida yetib keldik.
- Will you be home in time for dinner?Kechki ovqatga ulgurib uyga kelasanmi?
- The ambulance came in time to save him.Tez yordam uni qutqarishga ulgurib keldi.
in time ning teskarisi — too late; on time ning teskarisi — late.
on bilan iboralar
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| on purpose | ataylab |
| on holiday | ta’tilda |
| on business | ish yuzasidan |
| on sale | sotuvda; chegirmada (AmE) |
| on foot | piyoda |
| on fire | yonayotgan |
| on the phone | telefonda |
| on TV / on the radio | televizorda / radioda |
| on average | o‘rtacha |
| on the whole | umuman olganda |
| on my own | o‘zim, yolg‘iz |
| on strike | ish tashlashda |
| on a diet | parhezda |
| on the other hand | boshqa tomondan |
- I didn’t break it on purpose!Men uni ataylab sindirmadim!
- They’re on holiday in Turkey.Ular Turkiyada ta’tilda.
- He’s in London on business.U Londonda ish yuzasidan.
- The house is on fire! Call 101!Uy yonyapti! 101 ga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling!
- On average, people sleep seven hours a night.O‘rtacha odamlar kechasi yetti soat uxlaydi.
- I live on my own.Men yolg‘iz yashayman.
in bilan iboralar
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| in danger | xavf ostida |
| in love (with) | oshiq |
| in charge (of) | mas’ul, boshqaruvchi |
| in general | umuman |
| in public | odamlar oldida |
| in private | yolg‘iz, maxfiy |
| in a hurry | shoshib |
| in cash | naqd pulda |
| in advance | oldindan |
| in fact | aslida |
| in trouble | muammoda |
| in pain | og‘riq ichida |
| in tears | yig‘lab |
| in my opinion | menimcha |
- The animals are in danger of extinction.Hayvonlar yo‘qolib ketish xavfi ostida.
- She’s in love with her neighbour.U qo‘shnisiga oshiq.
- Who’s in charge here?Bu yerda kim mas’ul?
- Sorry, I can’t talk — I’m in a hurry.Kechirasiz, gaplasha olmayman — shoshyapman.
- Can I pay in cash?Naqd pulda to‘lasam bo‘ladimi?
- You need to book in advance.Oldindan band qilishingiz kerak.
- In fact, I’ve never been there.Aslida, men u yerda hech bo‘lmaganman.
at bilan iboralar
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| at risk | xavf ostida |
| at first | avvaliga |
| at last | nihoyat |
| at least | hech bo‘lmaganda, kamida |
| at once | darhol |
| at the moment | hozir, ayni paytda |
| at times | ba’zan |
| at work / at school | ishda / maktabda |
| at war / at peace | urushda / tinchlikda |
| at a loss | nima qilishni bilmay |
| at all | umuman (inkor bilan) |
- At first I didn’t like him, but now we’re friends.Avvaliga uni yoqtirmasdim, hozir do‘stmiz.
- At last, the exams are over!Nihoyat imtihonlar tugadi!
- It will take at least two hours.Bu kamida ikki soat oladi.
- Come here at once!Darhol bu yerga kel!
- Children who don’t eat well are at risk of illness.Yaxshi ovqatlanmaydigan bolalar kasallik xavfi ostida.
- I don’t like it at all.Bu menga umuman yoqmaydi.
by bilan iboralar
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| by mistake | adashib, xato qilib |
| by accident | tasodifan (tasodifiy hodisa) |
| by chance | tasodifan |
| by heart | yoddan |
| by hand | qo‘lda |
| by car / by bus / by train | mashinada / avtobusda / poyezdda |
| by far | eng ..., ancha |
| by the way | aytgancha |
| by myself | o‘zim, yolg‘iz |
- I took your bag by mistake. Sorry!Adashib sumkangizni olib qo‘ydim. Kechirasiz!
- We met by chance at the airport.Biz aeroportda tasodifan uchrashib qoldik.
- She knows the poem by heart.U she’rni yoddan biladi.
- This dress was made by hand.Bu ko‘ylak qo‘lda tikilgan.
- By the way, have you seen Aziz?Aytgancha, Azizni ko‘rdingmi?
- It’s by far the best film this year.Bu, shubhasiz, bu yilning eng yaxshi filmi.
out of bilan iboralar
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| out of order | ishlamaydi, buzilgan |
| out of date | eskirgan, muddati o‘tgan |
| out of breath | nafasi qisgan |
| out of control | nazoratdan chiqqan |
| out of reach | yetib bo‘lmaydigan joyda |
| out of work | ishsiz |
| out of stock | tugagan (do‘konda) |
| out of the question | mutlaqo mumkin emas |
| out of practice | mashqdan qolgan |
- The lift is out of order. Use the stairs.Lift ishlamayapti. Zinadan foydalaning.
- This milk is out of date.Bu sutning muddati o‘tgan.
- I ran up the stairs and was out of breath.Zinadan yugurib chiqdim va nafasim qisdi.
- Keep medicines out of reach of children.Dorilarni bolalar qo‘li yetmaydigan joyda saqlang.
- Sorry, this model is out of stock.Kechirasiz, bu model tugagan.
- Borrowing more money is out of the question.Ko‘proq qarz olish mutlaqo mumkin emas.
Chalkash juftliklar
| Juftlik | Farq |
|---|---|
| by accident — on purpose | tasodifan — ataylab |
| at the end — in the end | (biror narsaning) oxirida — oxir-oqibat |
| at first — first(ly) | avvaliga (keyin o‘zgardi) — birinchidan (ro‘yxatda) |
| in the way — on the way | yo‘lni to‘sib — yo‘lda, ketayotib |
- He broke the window by accident, not on purpose.U derazani ataylab emas, tasodifan sindirdi.
- At the end of the film, everyone cried.Filmning oxirida hamma yig‘ladi.
- We argued for hours, but in the end we agreed.Soatlab tortishdik, lekin oxir-oqibat kelishdik.
- Your car is in the way. I can’t get out.Mashinangiz yo‘lni to‘sib turibdi. Chiqa olmayapman.
- I’ll buy some bread on the way home.Uyga ketayotib non sotib olaman.
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Iborani bilasizmi? — Yaxlit eslab qoling, predlogni “mantiq” bilan topishga urinmang.
- Vaqt haqidami? Aniq vaqtida — on time; ulgurib — in time.
- Ataylabmi yoki tasodifanmi? → on purpose / by accident, by mistake, by chance.
- Biror narsa ishlamaydimi yoki tugaganmi? → out of order, out of stock, out of date.
Misol: “Men sening telefoningni adashib olib ketibman.”
- Xato qilib → by mistake.
Misol: “Avtomat ishlamayapti.”
- Buzilgan → out of order.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ He did it by purpose.
✓ He did it on purpose.
on purpose.
✗ I took it on mistake.
✓ I took it by mistake.
by mistake.
✗ The train arrived in time. (jadval bo‘yicha)
✓ The train arrived on time.
Aniq vaqtida — on time.
✗ We met on chance.
✓ We met by chance.
by chance.
✗ She’s on love with him.
✓ She’s in love with him.
in love.
✗ The lift is out of work.
✓ The lift is out of order.
Mashina — out of order; odam — out of work.
✗ At the end, we decided to stay.
✓ In the end, we decided to stay.
Oxir-oqibat — in the end.
✗ He learnt it by his heart.
✓ He learnt it by heart.
by heart (his yo‘q).
✗ I’m in holiday next week.
✓ I’m on holiday next week.
on holiday.
✗ In the first, I didn’t like it.
✓ At first, I didn’t like it.
at first.
Eslab qoling: on time / purpose / holiday; in time / danger / love / advance; at first / last / least / risk; by mistake / chance / heart; out of order / date / stock.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Aeroportda
- — Is the flight to Istanbul leaving on time?— Istanbulga parvoz o‘z vaqtida uchadimi?
- — I’m afraid it’s delayed. The computer system is out of order.— Afsuski, kechikyapti. Kompyuter tizimi ishlamayapti.
- — Will we arrive in time for our connecting flight?— Keyingi parvozga ulguramizmi?
- — At least an hour late, I think. But don’t worry, it happens at times.— Menimcha, kamida bir soat kechikadi. Lekin xavotir olmang, bu ba’zan bo‘lib turadi.
- — By the way, can I pay for extra luggage in cash?— Aytgancha, qo‘shimcha yuk uchun naqd to‘lasam bo‘ladimi?
Ishda
- — Who’s in charge of the new project?— Yangi loyihaga kim mas’ul?
- — Dilshod. But he’s on business in Moscow at the moment.— Dilshod. Lekin u hozir ish yuzasidan Moskvada.
- — I deleted his file by mistake!— Uning faylini adashib o‘chirib yubordim!
- — Don’t worry, I don’t think you’ll be in trouble. We have a copy.— Xavotir olma, muammoga qolmaysan deb o‘ylayman. Nusxamiz bor.
Kichik matn: “Omadsiz kun”
Yesterday was a disaster. My alarm was out of order, so I woke up late and had to run to the bus stop. I was completely out of breath, but I didn’t arrive in time — the bus had just left. I went on foot instead. At first, I thought I could still be on time for work, but in the end I was forty minutes late. My boss, who is in charge of our department, was in a bad mood. Then I spilled coffee on my computer by accident! At least it still works. On the way home, I met an old friend by chance, and we had dinner together. So in fact, the day didn’t end too badly.
Matndagi barcha predlogli iboralarni toping va ularni predlog bo‘yicha guruhlang: on, in, at, by, out of.
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- Poyezd o‘z vaqtida keldi. → The train arrived on time.
- Kechki ovqatga ulgurib keldik. → We arrived in time for dinner.
- U buni ataylab qildi. → He did it on purpose.
- Men sumkangni adashib olibman. → I took your bag by mistake.
- Lift ishlamayapti. → The lift is out of order.
- Avvaliga u menga yoqmadi. → At first, I didn’t like him.
- Oxir-oqibat biz qolishga qaror qildik. → In the end, we decided to stay.
- U she’rni yoddan biladi. → She knows the poem by heart.
Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.
Qisqa xulosa
- Predlogli iboralar tayyor birikmalar — ularni yaxlit yodlang.
- on time — aniq vaqtida; in time — ulgurib.
- on: purpose, holiday, business, foot, fire, average, my own.
- in: danger, love, charge, a hurry, cash, advance, fact, trouble.
- at: first, last, least, once, risk, the moment, all.
- by: mistake, accident, chance, heart, hand, the way, far.
- out of: order, date, breath, control, stock, reach, the question.
- at the end (of) — oxirida; in the end — oxir-oqibat.