Reduced Clauses — Qisqartirilgan ergash gaplar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Qisqartirilgan ergash gaplar (reduced clauses) — ega va to be fe’li tushirib qoldirilgan ergash gaplar. Ular gapni ixcham, rasmiy va ravon qiladi:

When you are in doubt, ask the teacher. → When in doubt, ask the teacher. — Shubhangiz bo‘lsa, o‘qituvchidan so‘rang. If it is necessary, call me. → If necessary, call me. — Kerak bo‘lsa, qo‘ng‘iroq qiling. While I was waiting, I read a book. → While waiting, I read a book. — Kutayotib kitob o‘qidim.

Bu tuzilmalar ko‘rsatmalarda, rasmiy xatlarda, yo‘riqnomalarda va ilmiy matnlarda juda ko‘p uchraydi. Ular o‘zbek tilidagi qisqa shakllarga o‘xshaydi: kerak bo‘lsa, iloji bo‘lsa, kutayotib, tugagach.

Bitta muhim shart bor: qisqartirish faqat ergash gap va asosiy gapning egasi bir xil bo‘lganda (yoki ega it bo‘lib, umumiy holatni bildirganda) mumkin.

bog‘lovchi + sifatif necessary, if possible, when ready, where appropriate

bog‘lovchi + -ingwhile waiting, before leaving, after finishing, when driving

bog‘lovchi + V3once finished, if asked, when completed, unless told otherwise

bog‘lovchi + predlogli iborawhen in doubt, while at school, if in trouble

Shartega bir xil (yoki umumiy it)

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

if necessary, if possible, if so, if not — tayyor iboralar.
bog‘lovchi + sifat va predlogli ibora: when in doubt.
bog‘lovchi + -ing: while waiting, before leaving.
bog‘lovchi + V3: once finished, if asked.
although + sifat / V3: although tired.
Ega bir xil bo‘lishi qoidasi va “osilib qolgan” xatolar.

Tayyor iboralar: if necessary, if possible

Bu iboralarda it is tushirib qoldirilgan. Ular juda ko‘p ishlatiladi:

Qisqa	To‘liq	Ma’nosi
if necessary	if it is necessary	kerak bo‘lsa
if possible	if it is possible	iloji bo‘lsa
if so	if it is so	agar shunday bo‘lsa
if not	if it is not so	agar unday bo‘lmasa
if any	if there are any	agar bo‘lsa
if anything	—	aksincha, aniqrog‘i
where possible	where it is possible	imkon qadar
when necessary	when it is necessary	zarur bo‘lganda
as usual	as it is usual	odatdagidek

I’ll stay late if necessary.Kerak bo‘lsa, kech qolaman.
Please reply by Friday, if possible.Iloji bo‘lsa, jumagacha javob bering.
Are you free tomorrow? If so, let’s meet.Ertaga bo‘shmisan? Agar shunday bo‘lsa, uchrashaylik.
Do you have a ticket? If not, you can buy one here.Chiptangiz bormi? Agar bo‘lmasa, shu yerdan sotib olishingiz mumkin.
There are few mistakes, if any.Xatolar kam, agar bo‘lsa.
Use public transport where possible.Imkon qadar jamoat transportidan foydalaning.

bog‘lovchi + sifat yoki predlogli ibora

Ega va to be tushiriladi, faqat sifat yoki predlogli ibora qoladi:

When in doubt, check the dictionary.Shubhangiz bo‘lsa, lug‘atni tekshiring. (When you are in doubt)
While at university, she studied three languages.Universitetda o‘qiyotganida u uchta til o‘rgandi. (While she was at university)
If in trouble, call this number.Muammoga duch kelsangiz, shu raqamga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling.
When ready, press the green button.Tayyor bo‘lganingizda yashil tugmani bosing.
Though tired, he continued working.Charchagan bo‘lsa ham, u ishlashda davom etdi.
Although nervous, she gave an excellent speech.Hayajonda bo‘lsa-da, u ajoyib nutq so‘zladi.

bog‘lovchi + -ing

Ergash gapdagi fe’l faol (aktiv) ma’noda bo‘lsa, u -ing shakliga o‘tadi:

While I was driving, I listened to music. → While driving, I listened to music.

Before you leave, turn off the lights. → Before leaving, turn off the lights.

After he had finished, he went home. → After finishing, he went home.

While waiting for the bus, I read the news.Avtobus kutayotib yangiliklarni o‘qidim.
Before leaving the house, check that the windows are closed.Uydan chiqishdan oldin derazalar yopiqligini tekshiring.
After finishing her degree, she moved to London.O‘qishni tugatgach, u Londonga ko‘chdi.
When using this machine, always wear gloves.Bu mashinadan foydalanganda doim qo‘lqop kiying.
Since moving to Tashkent, I’ve made many friends.Toshkentga ko‘chganimdan beri ko‘p do‘st orttirdim.
Be careful when crossing the road.Yo‘ldan o‘tayotganda ehtiyot bo‘ling.

Diqqat: before, after, since — bu yerda predlog vazifasida ham ishlaydi, shuning uchun ulardan keyin -ing tabiiy. while, when dan keyin esa bu — haqiqiy qisqartirish.

bog‘lovchi + V3 (majhul ma’no)

Ergash gapdagi fe’l majhul ma’noda bo‘lsa (is done, was asked), qisqartirilganda V3 qoladi:

Once it is finished, ... → Once finished, ...

If you are asked, ... → If asked, ...

When it is heated, ... → When heated, ...

Unless you are told otherwise, ... → Unless told otherwise, ...

Once finished, the bridge will be the longest in the country.Qurib bitkazilgach, ko‘prik mamlakatdagi eng uzun ko‘prik bo‘ladi.
If asked, say you don’t know.Agar so‘rashsa, bilmayman deng.
When heated, ice turns into water.Isitilganda muz suvga aylanadi.
Unless told otherwise, arrive at 9 a.m.Boshqacha aytilmagan bo‘lsa, ertalab 9 da keling.
Although damaged, the car still worked.Shikastlangan bo‘lsa ham, mashina hali ishlardi.
If left in the sun, the chocolate will melt.Quyoshda qoldirilsa, shokolad erib ketadi.

Qisqartirilgan aniqlovchi gaplar

Aniqlovchi ergash gaplarda ham who / which + be tushiriladi:

The man (who is) standing by the door is my uncle.Eshik yonida turgan odam — amakim.
The book (which was) written by Navoi is very old.Navoiy yozgan kitob juda qadimiy.
Anyone (who is) interested should contact us.Qiziqqan har bir kishi biz bilan bog‘lansin.
Students (who are) living on campus get free internet.Kampusda yashovchi talabalar bepul internet olishadi.

Batafsil — “Participle Clauses” darsida.

Ega bir xil bo‘lishi kerak!

Bu eng muhim qoida. Qisqartirilgan qismning egasi asosiy gapning egasi bilan bir xil bo‘lishi shart. Aks holda gap mantiqsiz (va ko‘pincha kulgili) bo‘lib qoladi — bunday xato dangling modifier (“osilib qolgan” aniqlovchi) deyiladi.

XatoWhile walking in the park, a dog bit me. (it yurgan bo‘lib chiqadi!)

To‘g‘riWhile walking in the park, I was bitten by a dog.

To‘g‘riWhile I was walking in the park, a dog bit me.

After finishing the exam, the students went home. ✓Imtihonni tugatgach, talabalar uyga ketishdi.
After finishing the exam, the bell rang. ✗(qo‘ng‘iroq imtihonni tugatgan bo‘lib chiqadi)
After the students had finished the exam, the bell rang. ✓Talabalar imtihonni tugatgach, qo‘ng‘iroq chalindi.
When cooked, the rice should be soft. ✓Pishganda guruch yumshoq bo‘lishi kerak.
When cooked, you should eat the rice immediately. ✗(siz pishirilgan bo‘lib chiqasiz!)

Istisno: if necessary, if possible, where appropriate kabi tayyor iboralar umumiy it ga ishora qiladi, shuning uchun ular har qanday ega bilan ishlaydi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Ergash gapda ega + to be bormi? (when you are, if it is, while I was)
Ega asosiy gapdagi bilan birmi? (yoki umumiy it) — Ha → qisqartirish mumkin.
Nima qoladi?
- Sifat yoki predlogli ibora → when ready, if in doubt.
- Faol fe’l → -ing: while waiting.
- Majhul fe’l → V3: once finished, if asked.
Tekshiring: gap mantiqiymi? Kim harakat qilyapti?

Misol: “Iloji bo‘lsa, ertaroq keling.”

Tayyor ibora → if possible.

NatijaPlease come earlier, if possible.

Misol: “Hisobot tugatilgach, menejerga yuboriladi.”

Majhul ma’no, ega — hisobot → once finished.

NatijaOnce finished, the report will be sent to the manager.

Misol: “Ovqat qilayotganda u doim musiqa tinglaydi.”

Faol, ega bir xil → while cooking.

NatijaWhile cooking, she always listens to music.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~While walking home, it started to rain.~~

✓ While I was walking home, it started to rain.

Ega boshqa — qisqartirib bo‘lmaydi.

✗ ~~If necessary you call me.~~

✓ If necessary, call me.

Buyruq shakli, vergul.

✗ ~~When finish, press the button.~~

✓ When finished, press the button. / When you finish, ...

Majhul — V3; faol — to‘liq gap.

✗ ~~Once finishing, the bridge will open.~~

✓ Once finished, the bridge will open.

Majhul ma’no — V3.

✗ ~~While wait, I read a book.~~

✓ While waiting, I read a book.

-ing shakl.

✗ ~~If it possible, reply today.~~

✓ If possible, reply today. / If it is possible, ...

Yoki qisqa, yoki to‘liq.

✗ ~~Although tired, but he worked.~~

✓ Although tired, he worked.

but ortiqcha.

✗ ~~When in doubts, ask.~~

✓ When in doubt, ask.

doubt — birlikda.

✗ ~~After finished the work, she left.~~

✓ After finishing the work, she left.

Faol — -ing.

Eslab qoling: ega + to be tushiriladi: if necessary, when in doubt, while waiting, once finished, if asked. Faol — -ing, majhul — V3. Ega bir xil bo‘lishi shart!

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ishdagi ko‘rsatma

— Here are the instructions for the new system.— Mana yangi tizim bo‘yicha ko‘rsatmalar.
— When logging in for the first time, change your password.— Birinchi marta kirayotganda parolingizni o‘zgartiring.
— What if I forget it?— Agar unutib qo‘ysam-chi?
— If so, contact IT support. And when in doubt, don’t click on unknown links.— Unday bo‘lsa, IT yordamiga murojaat qiling. Va shubha bo‘lsa, notanish havolalarni bosmang.
— Should I save my files on the desktop?— Fayllarimni ish stolida saqlaymanmi?
— No. Where possible, save them on the server. Once saved, they’re backed up automatically.— Yo‘q. Imkon qadar serverda saqlang. Saqlangandan keyin ular avtomatik zaxiralanadi.

Retsept

Before cooking, wash the rice three times.Pishirishdan oldin guruchni uch marta yuving.
When heated, add the oil and onions.Qizigach, yog‘ va piyozni qo‘shing.
While stirring, add the carrots slowly.Aralashtirib turib, sabzini asta-sekin qo‘shing.
If necessary, add more water.Kerak bo‘lsa, ko‘proq suv qo‘shing.
Once cooked, leave the plov for ten minutes.Pishgach, oshni o‘n daqiqa dim qo‘ying.

Kichik matn: “Talabalar uchun yo‘riqnoma”

Welcome to the university! While on campus, please carry your student card at all times. If asked, you must show it to security staff. Before entering the library, leave your bags in the lockers. When using the computers, do not install any software. If in doubt about any rule, ask at the information desk. All essays must be submitted online unless told otherwise. Once submitted, essays cannot be changed. If possible, submit your work a day before the deadline. Although demanding, our courses are designed to help you succeed.

Matndagi barcha qisqartirilgan gaplarni toping va ularni to‘liq shaklda qayta yozing: While on campus → While you are on campus.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

Kerak bo‘lsa, menga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling. → Call me if necessary.
Shubhangiz bo‘lsa, so‘rang. → When in doubt, ask.
Kutayotib men jurnal o‘qidim. → While waiting, I read a magazine.
Uydan chiqishdan oldin chiroqni o‘chiring. → Before leaving the house, turn off the light.
Qurib bitkazilgach, bino ochiladi. → Once finished, the building will open.
Agar so‘rashsa, ismingizni ayting. → If asked, give your name.
Charchagan bo‘lsa ham, u ishlayverdi. → Although tired, he kept working.
Agar shunday bo‘lsa, uchrashamiz. → If so, we’ll meet.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

Qisqartirilgan ergash gap — ega + to be tushiriladi.
Tayyor iboralar: if necessary, if possible, if so, if not, if any, where possible.
Sifat / predlogli ibora: when in doubt, while at school, when ready, though tired.
Faol fe’l → -ing: while waiting, before leaving, after finishing, when using.
Majhul fe’l → V3: once finished, if asked, when heated, unless told otherwise.
Ega bir xil bo‘lishi shart — aks holda “osilib qolgan” xato.