Say or Tell?
say va tell farqi
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
say va tell — ikkalasi ham “aytmoq”, lekin grammatikasi farq qiladi:
- say — nima aytilganiga e’tibor: She said hello. Kimga aytilgani ko‘rsatilsa — to kerak: She said hello to me.
- tell — kimga aytilganiga e’tibor: She told me the news. Kim (to‘ldiruvchi) to siz, darhol keladi.
- What did she say?U nima dedi?
- She said she was busy.U band ekanini aytdi.
- She told me she was busy.U menga band ekanini aytdi.
- Can you tell me the time?Soat necha ekanini ayta olasizmi?
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- say + nima.
- say something to someone.
- tell + kim + nima.
- tell bilan tayyor iboralar: tell a story, tell the truth.
- tell someone to do — buyruqni yetkazish.
- Ko‘chirma gapda say va tell.
say
say dan keyin aytilgan so‘z yoki gap keladi:
- Say “cheese”!“Cheese” deng! (rasmga tushganda)
- He said nothing.U hech narsa demadi.
- What does this word say?Bu so‘z nima deyapti? (nima yozilgan)
- I said (that) I was sorry.Kechirim so‘raganimni aytdim.
Kimga aytilganini qo‘shsak — say + to + kim:
- What did he say to you?U sizga nima dedi?
- Say hello to your mum!Onangga salom ayt!
He said me... — xato!
tell
tell dan keyin doim kim (to‘ldiruvchi) keladi, to siz:
- Tell me about your trip.Sayohatingiz haqida aytib bering.
- She told us a funny story.U bizga kulgili hikoya aytib berdi.
- Don’t tell anyone!Hech kimga aytma!
- He told me (that) he loved me.U meni sevishini aytdi.
He told to me — xato!
tell bilan tayyor iboralar
Ba’zi iboralarda tell kimsiz ham keladi:
- Always tell the truth.Doim haqiqatni ayt.
- He tells great jokes.U zo‘r latifalar aytadi.
- I can’t tell the difference between them.Ularning farqini ajrata olmayman.
tell + kim + to + fe’l
Buyruq yoki iltimosni yetkazish uchun:
- The teacher told us to be quiet.O‘qituvchi bizga jim bo‘lishni aytdi.
- My mum told me to buy bread.Onam menga non olishni aytdi.
- He told me not to worry.U menga xavotir olmaslikni aytdi.
He said me to... — xato.
Taqqoslang
| say | tell |
|---|---|
| She said (that) she was tired. | She told me (that) she was tired. |
| She said to me that... | |
| He said goodbye. | He told me a secret. |
| He told me to go. |
O‘zlashtirma gapda say va tell
Boshqa odamning gapini o‘zlashtirib aytganda (reported speech) say va tell qoidalari saqlanadi:
| To‘g‘ri gap | O‘zlashtirma — say | O‘zlashtirma — tell |
|---|---|---|
| “I’m tired.” | He said (that) he was tired. | He told me (that) he was tired. |
| “I’ll call you.” | She said she would call. | She told me she would call. |
| “Close the door.” | — | He told me to close the door. |
- She said she was busy.U band ekanini aytdi.
- She told me she was busy.U menga band ekanini aytdi.
- My mum told me to come home early.Onam menga uyga erta kelishimni aytdi.
- The teacher told us not to talk.O‘qituvchi bizga gaplashmaslikni aytdi.
that ni tushirib qoldirish mumkin: He said (that) he was tired.
Savollarni o‘zlashtirish: ask
Savol o‘zlashtirilsa, say va tell emas, ask ishlatiladi:
- “Where do you live?” → She asked me where I lived.U mendan qayerda yashashimni so‘radi.
- “Are you OK?” → He asked if I was OK.U mendan yaxshimisan, deb so‘radi.
- “Can you help me?” → She asked me to help her.U mendan yordam berishimni so‘radi.
She said me where I lived — xato.
Boshqa nutq fe’llari
say va tell dan tashqari talk va speak ham bor:
| Fe’l | Ma’nosi | Tuzilma | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| say | aytmoq | say + gap / say + so‘z | Say “thank you”. |
| tell | (kimgadir) aytmoq | tell + kishi | Tell me everything. |
| talk | gaplashmoq (suhbat) | talk to / with + kishi, talk about | Let’s talk about it. |
| speak | gapirmoq (til, rasmiy) | speak + til, speak to + kishi | Do you speak French? |
- Can I talk to you for a minute?Siz bilan bir daqiqa gaplashsam bo‘ladimi?
- She speaks four languages.U to‘rt tilda gapiradi.
- We talked about our holiday.Biz ta’tilimiz haqida gaplashdik.
- Could I speak to the manager, please?Menejer bilan gaplashsam bo‘ladimi? (rasmiy)
I speak English — to‘g‘ri; I talk English — xato.
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Kimga aytilgani ko‘rsatilganmi? Yo‘q → say. Ha → tell + kim yoki say + to + kim.
- Buyruqni yetkazyapsizmi? → tell + kim + to + fe’l.
- Tayyor ibora? (truth, lie, story, joke) → tell.
Misol: “U menga uyga ketishini aytdi.”
Misol: “U xayr dedi.”
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ He said me the news.
✓ He told me the news.
Kim bilan — tell.
✗ She told to me a story.
✓ She told me a story.
tell + kim (to yo‘q).
✗ He said me to wait.
✓ He told me to wait.
Buyruq — tell + kim + to.
✗ Don’t say anyone!
✓ Don’t tell anyone!
Kimga — tell.
✗ Can you say me the time?
✓ Can you tell me the time?
tell me.
✗ He told that he was ill.
✓ He said that he was ill. / He told me that...
tell kimsiz kelmaydi.
✗ She said a lie.
✓ She told a lie.
tell a lie.
✗ She said me she was busy.
✓ She told me she was busy. / She said she was busy.
say + kishi — xato.
✗ He told that he was tired.
✓ He said that he was tired. / He told me that...
tell + kishi kerak.
✗ She said me where I lived.
✓ She asked me where I lived.
Savol — ask.
✗ I talk English.
✓ I speak English.
Til — speak.
✗ My mum said me to come home.
✓ My mum told me to come home.
Buyruq — tell + kishi + to.
Eslab qoling: say + nima (yoki say to + kim). tell + kim + nima. tell the truth / a lie / a story.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Maktabdan keyin
- — What did the teacher say?— O‘qituvchi nima dedi?
- — She said the test is on Friday.— Test juma kuni ekanini aytdi.
- — Did she tell you what to study?— Nima o‘qish kerakligini aytdimi?
- — Yes, she told us to read chapters 3 and 4.— Ha, 3 va 4-boblarni o‘qishni aytdi.
- — And Sardor?— Sardor-chi?
- — He told a funny joke in class, and everyone laughed. The teacher said nothing!— U darsda kulgili latifa aytdi, hamma kuldi. O‘qituvchi hech narsa demadi!
Ishxonada xabar yetkazish
- — Did anyone call while I was out?— Men yo‘qligimda kimdir qo‘ng‘iroq qildimi?
- — Yes, Mr Karimov. He said he’d call back later.— Ha, janob Karimov. Keyinroq qayta qo‘ng‘iroq qilishini aytdi.
- — Did he say what it was about?— Nima haqida ekanini aytdimi?
- — He told me it was about the contract. And he asked if you were free on Friday.— Menga shartnoma haqida ekanini aytdi. Juma kuni bo‘shmisiz, deb ham so‘radi.
- — OK. Tell him I am.— Xo‘p. Bo‘shman deb ayting.
- — Also, the boss told us to finish the report by tomorrow.— Yana boshliq hisobotni ertagacha tugatishimizni aytdi.
Kichik matn: “Sir”
Yesterday my best friend Kamila told me a secret. She said, “Please don’t tell anyone!” I promised. But later my sister asked me what Kamila had said. I told her it was nothing important. Then Kamila’s brother asked me the same question! I said I didn’t know anything. In the evening, Kamila called and told me the secret wasn’t a secret any more — she had told everyone herself! We talked about it for an hour and laughed a lot.
Matndagi say, tell, ask va talk ni toping. Har birida tuzilmaga e’tibor bering.
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- What did he ___ to you? → say
- Please ___ me your name. → tell
- She ___ “Good morning”. → said
- Always ___ the truth. → tell
- My boss ___ me to come early. → told
- Tuzating: He said me that he was tired. → He told me that he was tired.
- U menga band ekanini aytdi. → She told me she was busy.
- Onam menga erta kelishimni aytdi. → My mum told me to come home early.
- U mendan qayerda yashashimni so‘radi. → She asked me where I lived.
- Siz fransuzcha gapirasizmi? → Do you speak French?
Qisqa xulosa
- say + nima: She said hello. He said (that)...
- say to + kim: What did he say to you?
- tell + kim (to siz): She told me the news.
- tell + kim + to + fe’l — buyruqni yetkazish.
- tell iboralari: the truth, a lie, a story, a joke, the time.
- said me, told to me, said me to — xato.