Emphatic do

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Odatda do / does / did faqat savol va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi: Do you like it? I don’t like it. Lekin ular bo‘lishli gapda ham kelishi mumkin — bunda ular gapga kuchli urg‘u beradi:

I do like it! — Menga rostdan ham yoqadi! (sen yoqmaydi deb o‘ylading, lekin yoqadi) He did call you. — U senga haqiqatan ham qo‘ng‘iroq qilgan! (u qo‘ng‘iroq qilmagan deyapsan, lekin qilgan)

Bu kuchaytiruvchi do (emphatic do) deyiladi. Og‘zaki nutqda do / does / did kuchli urg‘u bilan aytiladi.

O‘zbekchada bu ma’no ko‘pincha intonatsiya yoki “rostdan ham”, “albatta”, “axir”, “-ku”, “haqiqatan” so‘zlari bilan beriladi: Men senga aytdim-ku! Menga rostdan ham yoqadi!

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Kuchaytiruvchi do tuzilishi.
2. E’tirozga javob — qarama-qarshi fikrni rad etish.
3. Kontrast — “...emas, lekin ... albatta”.
4. Kuchli his-tuyg‘u va ishontirish.
5. Muloyim buyruq: Do come in!
6. Boshqa fe’llar bilan urg‘u: I AM ready, I HAVE finished.

Tuzilishi

Oddiy gapdagi fe’l do / does / did + fe’lning 1-shakli ga aylanadi:

• I do love you.Men seni rostdan ham sevaman.
• She does speak English — just not very well.U ingliz tilida gapiradi — faqat unchalik yaxshi emas.
• We did try to call you.Biz senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishga haqiqatan ham urindik.
• You do look tired.Rostdan ham charchagan ko‘rinasan.

Diqqat: does va did dan keyin fe’l -s va -ed olmaydi: She does works — xato; He did called — xato.

E’tirozga javob

Eng ko‘p uchraydigan holat — kimdir noto‘g‘ri narsani aytganda yoki shubha bildirganda uni rad etish:

• — You don’t like my cooking. — I do like it! It’s delicious.— Mening ovqatimni yoqtirmaysan. — Yoqtiraman-ku! Juda mazali.
• — Why didn’t you tell me? — I did tell you! Last week.— Nega menga aytmading? — Aytdim-ku! O‘tgan hafta.
• — He never helps at home. — That’s not true. He does help sometimes.— U uyda hech qachon yordam bermaydi. — Bu to‘g‘ri emas. U ba’zan yordam beradi.
• — You didn’t lock the door. — I did lock it. I remember.— Eshikni qulflamading. — Qulfladim-ku. Eslayman.
• — She doesn’t care about you. — She does care! She’s just shy.— U sen haqingda qayg‘urmaydi. — Qayg‘uradi! Shunchaki uyatchan.

Kontrast

Kuchaytiruvchi do ko‘pincha kontrast yaratadi: bir narsa yo‘q / emas, lekin boshqasi albatta bor.

• I don’t have much time, but I do want to help.Vaqtim ko‘p emas, lekin yordam berishni rostdan ham xohlayman.
• He didn’t win, but he did play very well.U yutmadi, lekin juda yaxshi o‘ynadi.
• I can’t cook, but I do make good tea!Ovqat pishira olmayman, lekin yaxshi choy damlayman!
• The hotel was expensive, but it did have a great view.Mehmonxona qimmat edi, lekin manzarasi ajoyib edi.
• She doesn’t speak Uzbek, but she does understand it.U o‘zbekcha gapirmaydi, lekin tushunadi.

Kuchli his-tuyg‘u va ishontirish

Gapiruvchi o‘z fikrini yoki his-tuyg‘usini kuchli ta’kidlash uchun:

• I do hope you can come!Kela olishingga juda umid qilaman!
• I do apologise for the delay.Kechikish uchun chin dildan uzr so‘rayman. (rasmiy)
• You do look beautiful today!Bugun haqiqatan ham chiroyli ko‘rinyapsan!
• I did enjoy the party. Thank you so much.Ziyofat menga juda yoqdi. Katta rahmat.
• We do need to talk about this.Bu haqda albatta gaplashishimiz kerak.

I do apologise va I do hope — rasmiy va muloyim nutqda juda ko‘p ishlatiladi.

Kutilganini tasdiqlash

• I said it would rain, and it did rain!Yomg‘ir yog‘adi degandim, va rostdan ham yog‘di!
• They promised to come, and they did come.Ular kelishga va’da berishdi va haqiqatan ham kelishdi.

Muloyim buyruq: Do come in!

Buyruq gap oldidan Do qo‘shilsa, u muloyim, samimiy va biroz rasmiy taklifga aylanadi:

• Do come in!Kiring, marhamat!
• Do sit down.O‘tiring, marhamat.
• Do help yourself to some cake.Tortdan bemalol oling.
• Do be careful!Ehtiyot bo‘ling, iltimos!
• Do let me know if you need anything.Biror narsa kerak bo‘lsa, albatta xabar bering.
• Do call me when you arrive.Yetib kelganingizda albatta qo‘ng‘iroq qiling.

Inkor buyruqda esa Don’t odatiy: Don’t worry! Kuchaytirish uchun: Do not touch! (rasmiy taqiq).

Boshqa fe’llar bilan urg‘u

Agar gapda allaqachon to be, modal yoki yordamchi fe’l bo‘lsa, do qo‘shilmaydi — o‘sha fe’lning o‘zi urg‘u bilan aytiladi:

• — You’re not ready. — I am ready! Let’s go.— Tayyor emassan. — Tayyorman-ku! Ketdik.
• — Have you finished? You haven’t, have you? — I have finished! Look.— Tugatdingmi? Tugatmading, to‘g‘rimi? — Tugatdim-ku! Qara.
• — I can’t do it. — You can do it! I believe in you.— Men buni qila olmayman. — Qila olasan! Senga ishonaman.
• — You’re not listening to me. — I am listening!— Meni tinglamayapsan. — Tinglayapman-ku!

Yozma matnda urg‘u ba’zan kursiv yoki qalin harf bilan ko‘rsatiladi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Fikrni rad etyapsizmi, kontrast yoki kuchli his-tuyg‘u bildiryapsizmi? — Ha → kuchaytiruvchi do.
2. Gapda to be, modal yoki yordamchi fe’l bormi? — Ha → o‘shani urg‘u bilan ayting, do qo‘shmang.
3. Yo‘q bo‘lsa: do / does (hozir) yoki did (o‘tmish) + fe’lning 1-shakli.
4. Buyruqmi? → Do + fe’l (muloyim).

Misol: “— Sen menga yozmading. — Yozdim-ku!”

1. Rad etish, o‘tmish → did + fe’l.

Misol: “U pishira olmaydi, lekin tozalashni albatta yaxshi ko‘radi.”

1. Kontrast, hozir, he/she → does + fe’l.

Misol: “O‘tiring, marhamat.”

1. Muloyim buyruq → Do + fe’l.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: do / does / did + fe’lning 1-shakli — kuchli urg‘u: I do like it! He did call. To‘be va modallar bilan — fe’lning o‘zini urg‘ulang: I AM ready! Muloyim buyruq: Do come in!

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ikki do‘st o‘rtasida

• — You never listen to me!— Sen meni hech qachon tinglamaysan!
• — That’s not fair. I do listen!— Bu adolatdan emas. Tinglayman-ku!
• — Then why did you forget my birthday?— Unda nega tug‘ilgan kunimni unutding?
• — I didn’t forget it! I did buy you a present — it just hasn’t arrived yet.— Unutmadim! Senga sovg‘a sotib oldim — faqat hali yetib kelmadi.
• — Really?— Rostdanmi?
• — Really. And I do care about you, you know.— Rostdan. Bilasanmi, men sen haqingda rostdan ham qayg‘uraman.

Mehmon kutib olish

• — Hello! Sorry we’re late.— Salom! Kechikkanimiz uchun uzr.
• — No problem! Do come in. Do sit down.— Hech qisi yo‘q! Kiringlar. O‘tiringlar, marhamat.
• — What a lovely home! You do have good taste.— Qanday chiroyli uy! Didingiz rostdan ham yaxshi ekan.
• — Thank you. Do help yourselves to some fruit.— Rahmat. Mevalardan bemalol olinglar.
• — I did tell my husband we should bring flowers, but we forgot!— Erimga gul olib kelishimiz kerak deb aytgandim-ku, lekin unutibmiz!

Kichik matn: “Ta’til haqida”

Our holiday in Turkey wasn’t perfect, but we did have a good time. The hotel was quite old, but it did have a beautiful swimming pool. My husband doesn’t usually like spicy food, but he did enjoy the kebabs! It rained on two days, which was annoying, but we did manage to visit all the places on our list. My daughter says she was bored, but I know she did love the boat trip — she was smiling the whole time. Next year we do want to go somewhere new.

Matndagi har bir kuchaytiruvchi do / did ni toping. Ularning ko‘pchiligi qanday ma’no beradi: rad etish, kontrast yoki kuchli his-tuyg‘u?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. — Kofeni yoqtirmaysan. — Yoqtiraman-ku! → — You don’t like coffee. — I do like it!
2. U senga qo‘ng‘iroq qildi-ku! → He did call you!
3. U ko‘p gapirmaydi, lekin hammasini tushunadi. → She doesn’t speak much, but she does understand everything.
4. Kiring, marhamat! → Do come in!
5. Kechikish uchun chin dildan uzr so‘rayman. (rasmiy) → I do apologise for the delay.
6. — Tayyor emassan. — Tayyorman-ku! → — You aren’t ready. — I AM ready!
7. Kela olishingga juda umid qilaman. → I do hope you can come.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Kuchaytiruvchi do / does / did + fe’lning 1-shakli — bo‘lishli gapda kuchli urg‘u.
• Ishlatilishi: e’tirozni rad etish, kontrast, kuchli his-tuyg‘u, tasdiqlash.
• I do hope / I do apologise — rasmiy va muloyim.
• Muloyim buyruq: Do come in! Do sit down!
• to be, modal, yordamchi fe’l bilan do qo‘shilmaydi — o‘sha fe’lni urg‘u bilan ayting: I AM ready.
• does works, did called — xato.