Do and Does

Oddiy qilib aytganda

do va does — Present Simple ning yordamchi fe’llari. Ular darak gapda ko‘rinmaydi, lekin savol va inkor tuzishda albatta kerak bo‘ladi. Ularning o‘zida ma’no yo‘q — ular faqat “grammatik ishchi”.

• do — I, you, we, they bilan.
• does — he, she, it bilan.

does ishlatilganda -s asosiy fe’ldan does ga “ko‘chib o‘tadi”.

• Do you like plov?Oshni yoqtirasizmi?
• Does your father smoke?Otangiz chekadimi?
• I don’t eat meat.Men go‘sht yemayman.
• He doesn’t speak Russian.U ruscha gapirmaydi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. do va does ni tanlash.
2. Savol tuzish: Do/Does + ega + fe’l.
3. Inkor: don’t / doesn’t + fe’l.
4. So‘roq so‘zlari bilan: What do you...? Where does he...?
5. do — asosiy fe’l sifatida: I do my homework.
6. be bilan do ishlatilmasligi.

do yoki does?

-s ko‘chishi

Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato — fe’lda -s ni qoldirish. does dan keyin fe’l doim asosiy shaklda:

So‘roq so‘zlari bilan

• Where do you work?Qayerda ishlaysiz?
• What time does the film start?Film soat nechada boshlanadi?
• How often do you go to the gym?Sport zaliga qanchalik tez-tez borasiz?
• What does this word mean?Bu so‘z nimani anglatadi?
• Why don’t you call her?Nega unga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmaysiz?

do — asosiy fe’l sifatida

do ning o‘zi “qilmoq” ma’nosini ham beradi. Unda savolda ikki marta do keladi — bu to‘g‘ri:

• I do my homework every day.Har kuni uy vazifamni qilaman.
• What do you do?Nima ish qilasiz? (kasbingiz nima?)
• Does she do sport?U sport bilan shug‘ullanadimi?
• He doesn’t do the dishes.U idish yuvmaydi.

be bilan do yo‘q

am, is, are o‘zi savol va inkor tuzadi. Ular bilan do/does ishlatilmaydi.

O‘tgan zamonda: did

Present Simple’da do / does, Past Simple’da esa barcha shaxslar uchun did ishlatiladi:

• Did you see the match yesterday?Kecha o‘yinni ko‘rdingmi?
• She didn’t come to school.U maktabga kelmadi.
• What did you buy?Nima sotib olding?

Diqqat: did dan keyin fe’l 1-shaklda: Did you go? (Did you went? — xato).

Qisqa javoblarda do / does

do / does qisqa javoblarda fe’lni takrorlamaslik uchun ishlatiladi:

• — Do you like tea? — Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.— Choy yoqadimi? — Ha. / Yo‘q.
• — Does he speak French? — Yes, he does.— U fransuzcha gapiradimi? — Ha.
• — Do they live here? — No, they don’t.— Ular shu yerda yashaydimi? — Yo‘q.

Xuddi shunday so / neither bilan: — I like tea. — So do I. (Men ham.) — I don’t smoke. — Neither do I. (Men ham chekmayman.)

Who / What ega bo‘lsa — do kerak emas

Agar who yoki what gapning egasi bo‘lsa (kim qiladi? nima bo‘ladi?), savolda do / does ishlatilmaydi:

• Who works in this office?Bu ofisda kim ishlaydi?
• What makes you happy?Seni nima xursand qiladi?
• Who wants some cake?Kim tort xohlaydi?

Who does live here? — xato (urg‘u ma’nosidan tashqari).

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Gapda be yoki modal (can) bormi? Bor bo‘lsa — do kerak emas.
2. Egani aniqlang: he/she/it → does; qolganlari → do.
3. Asosiy fe’lni asosiy shaklga qaytaring (-s ni olib tashlang).

Misol: “Ukangiz maktabga boradimi?”

1. be ham, can ham yo‘q → do/does kerak.
2. your brother → he → does.
3. fe’l: go (goes emas).

Misol: “Ular televizor ko‘rmaydi.”

1. they → don’t. Fe’l: watch.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: does — -s ni o‘zi oladi. Asosiy fe’l — toza qoladi.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Intervyu

• — What do you do?— Nima ish qilasiz?
• — I’m a nurse.— Hamshiraman.
• — Where do you work?— Qayerda ishlaysiz?
• — In a children’s hospital.— Bolalar shifoxonasida.
• — Do you work at night?— Kechasi ishlaysizmi?
• — Yes, I do, sometimes. My husband doesn’t like it!— Ha, ba’zan. Erim buni yoqtirmaydi!
• — Does he work at night too?— U ham kechasi ishlaydimi?
• — No, he doesn’t.— Yo‘q.

Yangi qo‘shni bilan

• — Hi! Do you live in this building?— Salom! Siz shu binoda yashaysizmi?
• — Yes, I do. On the third floor. Do you?— Ha. Uchinchi qavatda. Siz ham-mi?
• — Yes, I just moved in. Does the lift work?— Ha, hozirgina ko‘chib keldim. Lift ishlaydimi?
• — Sometimes it doesn’t!— Ba’zan ishlamaydi!
• — Who lives next to me, in flat 12?— Yonimda, 12-xonadonda kim yashaydi?
• — An old couple. They’re very nice.— Keksa er-xotin. Juda yaxshi odamlar.
• — Did they live here long?— Ular bu yerda uzoq yashaganmi?
• — Yes, they did — about thirty years!— Ha — taxminan o‘ttiz yil!

Kichik matn: “Ikki dugona”

Malika and I are best friends, but we are very different. I like reading, but she doesn’t. She loves sport. “Do you want to go running?” she asks me every morning. “No, I don’t,” I always say. She doesn’t eat meat, and neither do I. We both love music — when she listens to a new song, so do I. Yesterday we went to a concert. “Did you like it?” she asked. “Yes, I did!” I said. “Who sings best in the band?” — “The girl with red hair!”

Matndan do, does, did va qisqa javoblarni toping. Who sings savolida nima uchun does yo‘q?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. ___ you speak English? → Do
2. ___ your sister live in Tashkent? → Does
3. He ___ (not) eat fish. → doesn’t
4. Where ___ they work? → do
5. Tuzating: Does he plays tennis? → Does he play tennis?
6. What ___ your father ___? (kasbi) → does / do
7. Kecha sen kinoga bordingmi? → Did you go to the cinema yesterday?
8. — U inglizcha gapiradimi? — Ha. → — Does she speak English? — Yes, she does.
9. Bu uyda kim yashaydi? → Who lives in this house?
10. — Men qahva ichmayman. — Men ham. → — I don’t drink coffee. — Neither do I.

Qisqa xulosa

• do — I, you, we, they; does — he, she, it.
• Savol: Do/Does + ega + fe’l?
• Inkor: don’t / doesn’t + fe’l.
• does dan keyin fe’l -s siz: Does she work?
• So‘roq so‘zi bilan: Where do you...? What does he...?
• do asosiy fe’l ham bo‘ladi: What do you do?
• be va can bilan do ishlatilmaydi.