The Alphabet and Spelling

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ingliz alifbosida 26 ta harf bor. Ularning 5 tasi unli (a, e, i, o, u), qolganlari undosh. Ba’zan y ham unli tovush beradi: my, happy.

Eng muhim narsa: inglizchada harfning nomi va u so‘z ichida beradigan tovush ko‘pincha har xil. Masalan, a harfining nomi “ey”, lekin cat so‘zida u “e”ga yaqin o‘qiladi. Shuning uchun inglizlar ham ismini telefonda harflab aytadi: “My name is Aziz. A-Z-I-Z.”

• — What’s your name? — Dilnoza.— Ismingiz nima? — Dilnoza.
• — How do you spell it?— Qanday yoziladi (harflab ayting)?
• — D-I-L-N-O-Z-A.— D-I-L-N-O-Z-A.
• My email is aziz@mail.com.Mening emailim aziz@mail.com.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. 26 ta harf va ularning nomlari.
2. Unli va undosh harflar.
3. Ismni, manzilni harflab aytish.
4. Ko‘p chalkashtiriladigan harflar: e/i, g/j, a/r.
5. Email va manzilni aytish: at, dot.

Alifbo

Diqqat: W ning nomi — “double u” (ikkita u). Z Britaniyada “zed”, Amerikada “zi”.

Unli va undosh harflar

Bu bilim keyingi darslarda kerak bo‘ladi: a yoki an tanlash, -s, -ing, -ed qo‘shish qoidalari unli va undoshga qarab ishlaydi.

• apple, egg, ice, orange, umbrellaunli bilan boshlanadi
• book, cat, dog, tableundosh bilan boshlanadi

Chalkash harflar

O‘zbek tilida so‘zlashuvchilar ko‘pincha quyidagi juftlarni adashtiradi:

• E for egg, I for ice cream.E — egg so‘zidagi, I — ice cream so‘zidagi.
• G for girl, J for juice.G — girl, J — juice.

Telefonda tushunarli bo‘lishi uchun harfni so‘z bilan aniqlashtiring: “B for Bukhara, S for Samarkand”.

Email va manzil

Email va sayt manzilini aytishda maxsus so‘zlar kerak:

• aziz.karimov@gmail.comaziz dot karimov at gmail dot com
• www.uz-news.uzwww dot uz dash news dot uz

Harflarni tovush guruhlari bilan yodlash

Ingliz harflarining nomlarini bir xil unli tovush bo‘yicha guruhlab yodlash ancha oson. Har bir guruhdagi harflar qofiyadosh — bir xil tovush bilan tugaydi:

• A, H, J, K — ey, eych, jey, keyBu to‘rttasi “ey” bilan tugaydi.
• B, C, D, E — biy, siy, diy, iyBular “iy” bilan tugaydi.
• F, L, M, N — ef, el, em, enBular “e” bilan boshlanadi.

Diqqat: Z Britaniyada “zed”, Amerikada “zee” deb aytiladi. W — “dabl yu” (double U), ya’ni “ikkita U”.

Qo‘sh harflar va katta harflar

So‘zda bir xil harf ketma-ket ikki marta kelsa, inglizlar ko‘pincha double so‘zini ishlatishadi:

• Anna → A, double N, AA, ikki N, A
• Bobbi → B, O, double B, IB, O, ikki B, I
• coffee → C, O, double F, double EC, O, ikki F, ikki E
• Lola → capital L, O, L, ABosh harf L, O, L, A

Ism va familiyani harflaganda bosh harfni alohida aytish shart emas, lekin rasmiy vaziyatda capital L (bosh L) deyish mumkin.

Telefonda harflash: A for Apple

Telefonda ba’zi harflar (masalan, B va P, M va N) bir-biriga juda o‘xshab eshitiladi. Shuning uchun har bir harfga misol so‘z qo‘shiladi:

• — Is that B or P? — B for Bravo.— Bu B mi yoki P mi? — B, Bravo so‘zidagi kabi.
• My name is Nodir — N for November, O, D, I, R.Mening ismim Nodir — N, November so‘zidagidek, O, D, I, R.
• It’s M for Mike, not N.Bu M, Mike so‘zidagidek, N emas.

Aeroport, bank va politsiyada NATO alifbosi ishlatiladi: Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu.

Kundalik hayotda esa oddiy so‘zlar ham yetarli: A for apple, B for boy, C for cat.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Ismni harflab aytish uchun:

1. Ismni ayting: My name is Bekzod.
2. Harflarni alohida, aniq ayting: B-E-K-Z-O-D.
3. Ikki bir xil harf ketma-ket kelsa — double deng.

Misol: “Anna” ismini harflash

1. Harflar: A, N, N, A.
2. Ikki N yonma-yon → double N.

Misol: “Qanday yoziladi?” deb so‘rash

1. Fe’l — spell.
2. Savol: How do you + spell + it?

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: harfning nomi va tovushi har xil. Ismni harflashda harf nomini ayting.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Mehmonxonada

• — Good evening. What’s your surname, please?— Xayrli kech. Familiyangiz nima?
• — Rakhimov.— Rahimov.
• — Can you spell that, please?— Harflab aytib bera olasizmi?
• — Sure. R-A-K-H-I-M-O-V.— Albatta. R-A-K-H-I-M-O-V.
• — And your email?— Emailingiz-chi?
• — rakhimov at gmail dot com.— rakhimov@gmail.com.

Telefonda buyurtma

• — Can I have your surname, please?— Familiyangizni ayta olasizmi?
• — Yes, it’s Rahimov.— Ha, Rahimov.
• — Can you spell that, please?— Harflab bera olasizmi?
• — R-A-H-I-M-O-V.— R-A-H-I-M-O-V.
• — Sorry, was that M or N?— Kechirasiz, bu M edimi yoki N?
• — M for Mike.— M, Mike so‘zidagidek.
• — And your email?— Elektron pochtangiz-chi?
• — rahimov, double L... sorry, no — rahimov at gmail dot com.— rahimov... kechirasiz, yo‘q — rahimov at gmail dot com.

Kichik matn: “Mening ismim”

Hello! My name is Shahzoda. It’s a long name, so people often ask me to spell it: S-H-A-H-Z-O-D-A. In English, the letter H is “eych”, and Z is “zed”. My surname is Usmonova — U-S-M-O-N-O-V-A. On the phone I always say “M for Mike”, because people sometimes hear N. My email is shahzoda.u@mail.com — that’s “shahzoda dot u at mail dot com”.

Matndagi har bir harfni ovoz chiqarib ayting. Keyin o‘z ismingiz va familiyangizni xuddi shunday harflab yozing.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Ingliz alifbosida nechta harf bor? → 26
2. Unli harflar qaysilar? → a, e, i, o, u
3. W harfi qanday aytiladi? → double u
4. “Qanday yoziladi?” → How do you spell it?
5. Ross ismini harflang. → R-O-double S
6. @ belgisi qanday o‘qiladi? → at
7. W qanday aytiladi? → double U
8. Coffee so‘zini harflang. → C, O, double F, double E
9. Telefonda “B” ni aniq aytish. → B for Bravo (yoki B for boy)
10. Z Britaniyada qanday aytiladi? → zed

Qisqa xulosa

• Alifboda 26 ta harf: 5 ta unli (a, e, i, o, u), qolgani undosh.
• Harf nomi va so‘zdagi tovushi farq qiladi.
• Harflab so‘rash: How do you spell it?
• Ikki bir xil harf: double (double L, double S).
• Chalkash juftlar: E/I, G/J, A/R.
• Email: @ = at, . = dot.