Polite Requests

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Inglizchada muloyimlik juda muhim. Give me water! (Menga suv ber!) — juda qo‘pol eshitiladi. Buning o‘rniga iltimos savol shaklida beriladi: Can I have some water, please?

Iltimosning ikki turi bor:

• O‘zim uchun ruxsat so‘rash: Can I / Could I / May I ...?
• Boshqadan biror ish so‘rash: Can you / Could you / Would you ...?

• Can I have a glass of water, please?Bir stakan suv bera olasizmi?
• Could you say that again, please?Yana bir bor ayta olasizmi?
• May I use your phone?Telefoningizdan foydalansam maylimi?
• Can you close the door, please?Eshikni yopib qo‘ya olasizmi?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Can I / Could I / May I — ruxsat so‘rash.
2. Can you / Could you / Would you — yordam so‘rash.
3. please so‘zining o‘rni.
4. Iltimosga javob berish: Sure, Of course, Sorry...
5. Do you mind...? va Would you mind...?
6. Muloyimlik darajalari.

Can I...? Could I...? May I...?

I bilan — o‘zingiz nimadir qilmoqchi yoki olmoqchisiz:

• Can I pay by card?Karta bilan to‘lasam bo‘ladimi?
• Could I borrow your pen?Ruchkangizni olib tursam maylimi?
• May I see your passport?Pasportingizni ko‘rsam bo‘ladimi?
• Can I have the bill, please?Hisobni bera olasizmi?

Can I have...? — kafe va do‘konda narsa so‘rashning eng tabiiy usuli.

Can you...? Could you...? Would you...?

you bilan — tinglovchidan biror ish qilishini so‘raysiz:

• Can you help me with this bag?Bu sumkani ko‘tarishga yordam bera olasizmi?
• Could you speak more slowly, please?Sekinroq gapira olasizmi?
• Would you open the door for me?Men uchun eshikni ochib bera olasizmi?
• Could you tell me the way to the station?Bekatga yo‘lni ayta olasizmi?

Diqqat: Could you bu yerda o‘tgan zamon emas — shunchaki muloyimroq shakl.

please

please gap oxirida (vergul bilan) yoki modal fe’ldan keyin keladi:

Javob berish

Diqqat: Yes, you could. — xato. Could I...? ga javob: Yes, of course (you can).

Do you mind...?

Juda muloyim iltimos. Undan keyin fe’l -ing bilan:

Diqqat: mind = “qarshimisiz”. Shuning uchun rozi bo‘lsangiz No deysiz: — Would you mind waiting? — No, not at all. (Yo‘q, qarshi emasman.)

Juda muloyim iltimoslar

Rasmiy yoki noqulay vaziyatda iltimosni yanada muloyim qilish uchun maxsus iboralar ishlatiladi:

• Would you mind closing the window?Derazani yopib qo‘ysangiz qarshi emasmisiz?
• Could you possibly lend me your car?Mashinangizni berib tura olarmidingiz?
• I was wondering if you could give me a lift.Meni olib ketolmasmikinsiz deb o‘ylayotgandim.
• Do you think you could speak more slowly?Sekinroq gapira olasizmi, deb o‘ylaysizmi?

Diqqat: Would you mind dan keyin -ing: Would you mind opening...? (to open — xato).

Would you mind...? ga javob

mind — “qarshi bo‘lmoq”. Shuning uchun rozilik bildirish uchun No deyiladi:

• — Would you mind waiting a minute? — No, not at all.— Bir daqiqa kutib tursangiz qarshi emasmisiz? — Yo‘q, umuman.
• — Would you mind opening the door? — Of course not.— Eshikni ochib bersangiz qarshi emasmisiz? — Albatta yo‘q (ochaman).
• — Would you mind if I smoked? — Actually, I’d rather you didn’t.— Chekishimga qarshi emasmisiz? — Aslida, chekmasangiz yaxshi bo‘lardi.

Yes deb javob berish — “ha, qarshiman” degani!

Iltimosni yumshatish

Iltimosni yanada muloyim qilish uchun kichik so‘zlar qo‘shiladi:

• Could you help me for a moment?Bir lahzaga yordam bera olasizmi?
• Can I ask you a quick question?Sizga qisqa savol bersam bo‘ladimi?
• Could you just sign here, please?Shu yerga imzo qo‘yib bersangiz?
• Sorry to bother you, but...Bezovta qilganim uchun uzr, lekin...
• Excuse me, could you tell me the time?Kechirasiz, soat necha ekanini ayta olasizmi?

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Kim harakat qiladi? Men → Can/Could/May I. Siz → Can/Could/Would you.
2. Vaziyat qanchalik rasmiy? Do‘st → can. Notanish → could. Juda rasmiy → may.
3. Fe’l asosiy shaklda + please.

Misol: “Derazani ochib bera olasizmi?” (notanishga)

1. Tinglovchi ochadi → you. Notanish → Could.

Misol: “Ichkariga kirsam bo‘ladimi?” (direktorga)

1. Men kiraman → I. Rasmiy → May.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: I bilan — ruxsat (Can I...?). you bilan — yordam (Could you...?). please — doim yaxshi fikr.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Kafeda

• — Excuse me, can I have the menu, please?— Kechirasiz, menyuni bera olasizmi?
• — Of course. Here you are.— Albatta. Marhamat.
• — Could I have a green tea and a samsa?— Ko‘k choy va somsa bera olasizmi?
• — Sure.— Albatta.
• — And could you bring some water too?— Suv ham olib kela olasizmi?
• — No problem.— Bemalol.
• — Can I pay by card?— Karta bilan to‘lasam bo‘ladimi?
• — I’m afraid not. Only cash.— Afsuski, yo‘q. Faqat naqd.

Ishxonada hamkasbdan

• — Sorry to bother you, Aziz. Have you got a minute?— Bezovta qilganim uchun uzr, Aziz. Bir daqiqang bormi?
• — Sure. What’s up?— Albatta. Nima gap?
• — I was wondering if you could help me with this report.— Shu hisobotda yordam berolmasmikinsan deb o‘ylayotgandim.
• — Of course. Would you mind sending it to me by email?— Albatta. Uni menga elektron pochta orqali yuborib qo‘ysang qarshi emasmisan?
• — No, not at all. Thanks so much!— Yo‘q, albatta. Katta rahmat!
• — No problem.— Arzimaydi.

Kichik matn: “Poyezdda”

Last week I travelled to Bukhara by train. A woman sat next to me with a big bag. “Excuse me, could you help me put this bag up there?” she asked. “Of course,” I said. Later, it was very hot. “Would you mind opening the window?” I asked a man. “No, not at all,” he smiled. Then I wanted to sleep, but a boy was playing loud music. “Sorry to bother you, but could you possibly turn it down?” He apologised and turned it off. Being polite really works!

Matndagi muloyim iltimoslarni toping va ularni muloyimlik darajasiga qarab tartiblang.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. ___ I have a coffee, please? → Can / Could
2. ___ you help me, please? → Can / Could
3. ___ I come in? (rasmiy) → May
4. Would you mind ___ (close) the door? → closing
5. Tuzating: Could you to repeat that? → Could you repeat that?
6. — Can I use your pen? — ___. (rozilik) → Sure. / Of course.
7. Derazani yopib qo‘ysangiz qarshi emasmisiz? → Would you mind closing the window?
8. — (yuqoridagi savolga rozilik) → — No, not at all.
9. Bezovta qilganim uchun uzr, lekin... → Sorry to bother you, but...
10. Sekinroq gapira olarmidingiz? (juda muloyim) → Could you possibly speak more slowly?

Qisqa xulosa

• Iltimos — savol shaklida, please bilan.
• Can I / Could I / May I + fe’l — ruxsat yoki narsa so‘rash.
• Can you / Could you / Would you + fe’l — yordam so‘rash.
• could — muloyimroq, may — eng rasmiy (faqat I/we bilan).
• Javob: Sure. Of course. No problem. / Sorry, I can’t. I’m afraid not.
• Would you mind + -ing? — rozilik: No, not at all.