Likely, Bound, Due

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Kelajak haqida gapirganda biz har doim ham will yoki going to ishlatmaymiz. Ko‘pincha voqea qanchalik ehtimolli ekanini aniqroq aytish kerak bo‘ladi: “ehtimol shunday bo‘ladi”, “albatta shunday bo‘ladi”, “rejaga ko‘ra shunday bo‘lishi kerak”. Buning uchun ingliz tilida be + sifat + to + fe’l tuzilmasidagi iboralar ishlatiladi:

• be likely to — ehtimol, katta ehtimol bilan: It’s likely to rain.
• be unlikely to — ehtimoli kam: He’s unlikely to come.
• be bound to — albatta, muqarrar: You’re bound to pass.
• be sure / certain to — aniq, shubhasiz: She’s sure to win.
• be due to — rejaga / jadvalga ko‘ra: The train is due to arrive at 5.
• be set to — ...ga tayyor, kutilmoqda (yangiliklarda): Prices are set to rise.

Bu iboralarni ehtimol shkalasida tasavvur qiling:

O‘zbekchada bu ma’nolar “ehtimol”, “albatta”, “shubhasiz”, “...ishi kutilmoqda”, “jadval bo‘yicha” kabi so‘zlar bilan aytiladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. be likely to / unlikely to — ehtimol.
2. It is likely that + gap.
3. be bound to — muqarrarlik.
4. be sure / certain to — ishonch.
5. be due to — jadval va reja; due to + ot (sabab) bilan farqi.
6. be set to va be about to — yangiliklar va yaqin kelajak.

be likely to / be unlikely to

likely — “ehtimol”. Bu ibora gapiruvchining taxmini: voqea katta ehtimol bilan bo‘ladi. unlikely — teskarisi.

• It’s likely to be very cold tonight.Bugun kechasi juda sovuq bo‘lishi ehtimoli katta.
• Prices are likely to go up next year.Kelasi yili narxlar oshishi ehtimoli bor.
• He’s unlikely to pass the exam — he hasn’t studied at all.Uning imtihondan o‘tishi dargumon — umuman o‘qimagan.
• Is she likely to be late?U kechikishi mumkinmi?
• It’s likely that the meeting will be cancelled.Yig‘ilish bekor qilinishi ehtimoli katta.
• It’s unlikely that we’ll finish today.Bugun tugatishimiz dargumon.

Ehtimolni kuchaytirish yoki yumshatish mumkin:

• It’s very likely / highly likely to happen.Bu sodir bo‘lishi juda ehtimol.
• It’s quite likely that he’ll call.Uning qo‘ng‘iroq qilishi anchagina ehtimol.
• It’s most unlikely to succeed.Muvaffaqiyatga erishishi deyarli imkonsiz.

Diqqat: likely — sifat, ravish emas! He will likely come — Amerika inglizchasida uchraydi, lekin Britaniya standartida He is likely to come yoki He will probably come deyiladi.

be bound to — albatta, muqarrar

be bound to — gapiruvchi voqea albatta bo‘lishiga ishonadi, chunki vaziyat shuni ko‘rsatyapti. Ko‘pincha o‘zbekchadagi “...ishi aniq”, “baribir ...adi” ga mos keladi.

• You’ve worked so hard — you’re bound to pass.Juda ko‘p ishladingiz — albatta o‘tasiz.
• It’s bound to rain — look at those clouds.Yomg‘ir albatta yog‘adi — anavi bulutlarga qarang.
• If you leave your bike here, someone is bound to steal it.Velosipedingni shu yerda qoldirsang, kimdir uni albatta o‘g‘irlaydi.
• There are bound to be problems at the beginning.Boshida muammolar bo‘lishi muqarrar.
• They’re bound to find out the truth eventually.Ular oxir-oqibat baribir haqiqatni bilib olishadi.

be bound to ijobiy ham, salbiy ham bo‘lishi mumkin. U will dan kuchliroq ohang beradi.

be sure to / be certain to

be sure to va be certain to ma’nosi be bound to ga yaqin: “shubhasiz, aniq”.

• She’s sure to win — she’s the best player.U albatta yutadi — eng yaxshi o‘yinchi.
• The film is certain to be a success.Film shubhasiz muvaffaqiyat qozonadi.

Diqqat: be sure to ning ikkinchi ma’nosi — buyruq, eslatma: Be sure to lock the door! — “Eshikni albatta qulflang!” Bu holatda u Make sure you... ga o‘xshaydi.

sure dan keyin that + gap kelsa, ma’no o‘zgaradi — bu gapiruvchining o‘z ishonchi haqida:

• He is sure to win.U albatta yutadi. (men shunday o‘ylayman)
• He is sure that he will win.U yutishiga ishonadi. (u o‘zi shunday o‘ylaydi)

be due to — jadval va reja bo‘yicha

be due to + fe’l — voqea jadval yoki rasmiy reja bo‘yicha belgilangan vaqtda bo‘lishi kerak.

• The train is due to arrive at 5.30.Poyezd jadval bo‘yicha 5:30 da kelishi kerak.
• The new hospital is due to open next spring.Yangi kasalxona kelasi bahorda ochilishi rejalashtirilgan.
• The president is due to visit France next week.Prezident kelasi hafta Frantsiyaga tashrif buyurishi kutilmoqda.
• The meeting was due to start at ten, but it was delayed.Yig‘ilish o‘nda boshlanishi kerak edi, lekin kechiktirildi.

Ot bilan ham ishlatiladi:

• The rent is due on the first of every month.Ijara haqi har oyning birinchi sanasida to‘lanishi kerak.
• The baby is due in May.Chaqaloq may oyida tug‘ilishi kutilmoqda.
• My essay is due tomorrow!Inshoni ertaga topshirishim kerak!

be due to + fe’l va due to + ot

Bu ikkisini aralashtirmang! due to + ot — “...sababli” (sabab):

be set to — yangiliklarda

be set to — “...ga tayyor”, “...ishi kutilmoqda”. U asosan yangiliklar, gazeta va rasmiy hisobotlarda ishlatiladi.

• Prices are set to rise again this year.Bu yil narxlar yana oshishi kutilmoqda.
• The film is set to become the year’s biggest hit.Film yilning eng katta hitiga aylanishi kutilmoqda.
• Uzbekistan is set to host the championship.O‘zbekiston chempionatga mezbonlik qilishga tayyorlanmoqda.

be about to — juda yaqin kelajak

be about to — “endi ... moqchi”, “...ish arafasida” (bir necha daqiqa yoki soniya ichida):

• Hurry up! The train is about to leave.Tezroq! Poyezd jo‘nash arafasida.
• I was about to call you when you called me.Senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim, sen qo‘ng‘iroq qilib qolding.

Batafsil — C1 darajasidagi “Kelajakning rasmiy iboralari” darsida.

Iboralarni solishtiring

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Bu jadval yoki rasmiy rejami? → be due to.
2. Gapiruvchi aniq ishonadimi? → be bound to / be sure to.
3. Bu faqat ehtimolmi? → be likely to; ehtimoli kam bo‘lsa → be unlikely to.
4. Yangilik matnimi? → be set to.
5. Bir lahzadan keyin bo‘ladimi? → be about to.

Misol: “Samolyot soat 14:00 da qo‘nishi kerak.”

1. Jadval → be due to.

Misol: “U albatta kechikadi — u doim kechikadi.”

1. Tajribaga asoslangan ishonch → be bound to.

Misol: “Ertaga qor yog‘ishi dargumon.”

1. Ehtimoli kam → be unlikely to.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: likely to — ehtimol; bound to / sure to — albatta; due to + fe’l — jadval bo‘yicha; due to + ot — sababli; set to — yangiliklarda kutilmoqda.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Imtihon oldidan

• — I’m so nervous about tomorrow’s exam.— Ertangi imtihondan juda hayajondaman.
• — Don’t worry. You’ve studied for months — you’re bound to do well.— Xavotir olma. Oylab o‘qiding — albatta yaxshi topshirasan.
• — But the grammar section is likely to be very difficult.— Lekin grammatika bo‘limi juda qiyin bo‘lishi ehtimoli katta.
• — Maybe, but the teacher said there are unlikely to be any surprises.— Balki, lekin o‘qituvchi kutilmagan narsa bo‘lishi dargumon dedi.
• — When are the results due?— Natijalar qachon chiqishi kerak?
• — They’re due to come out in two weeks.— Ular ikki haftadan keyin chiqishi kerak.

Vokzalda

• — Excuse me, when is the train to Bukhara due to leave?— Kechirasiz, Buxoroga poyezd qachon jo‘nashi kerak?
• — It was due to leave at 8.15, but it’s delayed due to a technical problem.— U 8:15 da jo‘nashi kerak edi, lekin texnik muammo sababli kechikyapti.
• — Is it likely to be a long delay?— Uzoq kechikishi mumkinmi?
• — It’s unlikely to be more than half an hour.— Yarim soatdan ortiq bo‘lishi dargumon.

Kichik matn: “Ob-havo va yangiliklar”

Here is the evening news. The weather service says that temperatures are set to drop sharply this weekend, and heavy snow is likely to fall in the mountains. Drivers are bound to face difficult conditions, so they are asked to stay at home if possible. Meanwhile, the new metro line is due to open on Monday, but the opening could be postponed due to the bad weather. Experts say that the line is unlikely to be ready on time. Tickets are sure to be popular, as thousands of people are expected to use the line every day.

Matndan har bir iborani toping va uni ehtimol shkalasiga joylashtiring. Qaysi gapda due to sababni, qaysi gapda jadvalni bildiradi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘ishi ehtimoli katta. → It’s likely to rain tomorrow.
2. Uning kelishi dargumon. → He’s unlikely to come.
3. Siz albatta yutasiz! → You’re bound to win!
4. Poyezd soat oltida kelishi kerak. → The train is due to arrive at six.
5. Narxlar oshishi kutilmoqda. (yangilik) → Prices are set to rise.
6. Parvoz tuman sababli kechiktirildi. → The flight was delayed due to fog.
7. Film boshlanish arafasida. → The film is about to start.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• be likely to + fe’l — ehtimol; It’s likely that + gap.
• be unlikely to — ehtimoli kam, dargumon.
• be bound to / be sure to / be certain to — albatta, muqarrar.
• be due to + fe’l — jadval yoki reja bo‘yicha; be due + vaqt — muddat.
• due to + ot — sababli (due to bad weather).
• be set to — yangiliklarda “kutilmoqda”.
• be about to — juda yaqin kelajak.
• Barcha iboralar: be + sifat + to + fe’l (to tushib qolmasin!).