First or Second Conditional?

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ikki shart gap ham kelajak yoki hozir haqida bo‘lishi mumkin. Farqi — gapiruvchi vaziyatni qanchalik real deb biladi:

• 1-tur (First) — real, bo‘lishi ehtimoli katta: If it rains, I’ll stay home. (Yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolaman.)
• 2-tur (Second) — xayoliy, ehtimoli kam yoki mumkin emas: If I won the lottery, I’d buy a house. (Lotereya yutsam, uy olardim.)

• If I have time, I’ll call you.Vaqtim bo‘lsa, qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman. (ehtimol bor)
• If I had time, I’d call you.Vaqtim bo‘lganida, qo‘ng‘iroq qilardim. (vaqtim yo‘q)
• If she studies, she’ll pass.O‘qisa, o‘tadi.
• If I were you, I’d study more.Sening o‘rningda bo‘lsam, ko‘proq o‘qirdim.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Real va xayoliy shart farqi.
2. Bitta vaziyat — ikki xil qarash.
3. 2-turda Past Simple — o‘tmish emas!
4. If I were you — maslahat.
5. was yoki were?
6. unless va boshqa variantlar (qisqacha).

Real yoki xayoliy?

Bitta vaziyat — ikki xil qarash

Gapiruvchining ishonchiga qarab bir xil vaziyat har xil shart bilan aytiladi:

• If I get the job, I’ll buy a car.Ishga olinsam, mashina olaman. (ishonch bor)
• If I got the job, I’d buy a car.Ishga olinsam edi, mashina olardim. (umid kam)

Past Simple — o‘tmish emas

2-turda if dan keyingi Past Simple — o‘tmish ma’nosini bermaydi. U shunchaki noreallikni bildiradi:

• If I knew his number, I’d call him.Raqamini bilganimda, qo‘ng‘iroq qilardim. (hozir bilmayman)
• If we had a car, we’d drive.Mashinamiz bo‘lganida, mashinada borardik. (hozir yo‘q)

If I were you

Maslahat berishning mashhur usuli — If I were you, I’d...:

• If I were you, I’d see a doctor.Sening o‘rningda bo‘lsam, shifokorga borardim.
• If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it.Men bo‘lganimda, buni olmasdim.

was yoki were?

2-turda I / he / she / it bilan were — rasmiy va standart. was — og‘zaki nutqda:

Asosiy qism avval kelishi

Ikkala turda ham asosiy gap oldin kelishi mumkin. Unda vergul yo‘q:

• I’ll call you if I have time.Vaqtim bo‘lsa, qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
• I’d travel more if I had money.Pulim bo‘lsa, ko‘proq sayohat qilardim.

Turli shaxslar haqida

Bir xil vaziyat turli odamlar uchun real yoki xayoliy bo‘lishi mumkin:

• If I pass my exams, I’ll go to university.Imtihonlardan o‘tsam, universitetga kiraman. (real — imtihon yaqinda)
• If I won the Nobel Prize, I’d be famous.Nobel mukofotini yutsam, mashhur bo‘lardim. (xayoliy)
• If my sister gets the job, she’ll move to Tashkent.Opam ishga kirsa, Toshkentga ko‘chadi. (real)
• If my sister were taller, she’d be a model.Opam bo‘yliroq bo‘lganida, model bo‘lardi. (xayoliy — bo‘yi o‘zgarmaydi)

Muloyimlik uchun second conditional

Second conditional ba’zan muloyimlik uchun ham ishlatiladi — real vaziyat bo‘lsa ham:

• Would it be OK if I left early today?Bugun erta ketsam maylimi? (muloyim)
• If you could send me the file, I’d be grateful.Faylni yuborsangiz, minnatdor bo‘lardim.
• I’d appreciate it if you didn’t smoke here.Bu yerda chekmasangiz, minnatdor bo‘lardim.

First conditional bilan: Is it OK if I leave early? — to‘g‘ri, lekin kamroq muloyim.

unless, as long as bilan

Har ikkala tur if dan boshqa bog‘lovchilar bilan ham ishlatiladi:

• I won’t go unless you come with me.Sen men bilan bormasang, men bormayman. (1-tur)
• I wouldn’t go unless I had to.Majbur bo‘lmasam, bormasdim. (2-tur)
• You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.Ehtiyot bo‘lib haydasang, mashinamni olishing mumkin.
• Suppose you lost your passport — what would you do?Faraz qilaylik, pasportingni yo‘qotding — nima qilarding?

Suppose / Imagine + Past Simple — xayoliy vaziyatni tasavvur qilish.

Modallar bilan

Natija qismida will / would o‘rniga modal fe’llar kelishi mumkin:

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Vaziyat real, ehtimoli katta? → 1-tur: if + Present, will.
2. Xayoliy, ehtimoli kam yoki mumkin emas? → 2-tur: if + Past, would.
3. if qismida will / would ishlatmang.

Misol: “Agar ertaga ertaroq tursam, nonushta tayyorlayman.” (real)

Misol: “Agar men prezident bo‘lganimda, maktablar qurardim.” (xayoliy)

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: real → If + Present, will. xayoliy → If + Past, would. if qismida will / would yo‘q.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Kelajak haqida suhbat

• — What will you do if you pass the exam?— Imtihondan o‘tsang nima qilasan?
• — If I pass, I’ll apply to a university in Tashkent.— O‘tsam, Toshkentdagi universitetga hujjat topshiraman.
• — And if you could study anywhere in the world?— Dunyoning istalgan joyida o‘qiy olsang-chi?
• — Hmm, if I had enough money, I’d go to Oxford!— Hmm, pulim yetarli bo‘lsa, Oksfordga borardim!
• — If I were you, I’d try for a scholarship.— Men bo‘lganimda, grantga harakat qilardim.
• — Good idea. If I get one, I’ll definitely go!— Yaxshi fikr. Grant olsam, albatta boraman!

Ishga kirish haqida

• — If you get the job in Dubai, will you take it?— Dubaydagi ishga qabul qilinsang, olasanmi?
• — Yes, if the salary is good.— Ha, maoshi yaxshi bo‘lsa.
• — And if you didn’t have a family, would you move abroad forever?— Oilang bo‘lmaganida, chet elga butunlay ko‘chib ketarmiding?
• — Maybe. If I were younger, I’d travel the world.— Balki. Yoshroq bo‘lganimda, dunyoni kezardim.
• — Would it be OK if I asked your advice later?— Keyinroq maslahatingizni so‘rasam maylimi?
• — Of course!— Albatta!

Kichik matn: “Ikki aka-uka”

My brothers have very different ideas about the future. Aziz is realistic: “If I study hard, I’ll get a good job. If I save money, I’ll buy a flat in five years.” Bobur is a dreamer: “If I were a millionaire, I’d buy an island. If I could fly, I’d visit every country in the world!” My mum always laughs: “If Bobur did his homework, he might become a millionaire one day!”

Matndagi shart gaplarni toping va ularni real (1-tur) va xayoliy (2-tur) ga ajrating.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. If it ___ (be) sunny tomorrow, we’ll have a picnic. → is
2. If I ___ (have) a million dollars, I’d travel the world. → had
3. If you heat ice, it ___ (melt). / If you study, you ___ (pass). → melts / ’ll pass
4. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t do that. → were
5. She ___ (be) angry if you don’t call her. → ’ll be
6. Tuzating: If I would know the answer, I would tell you. → If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
7. Bugun erta ketsam maylimi? (muloyim) → Would it be OK if I left early today?
8. Majbur bo‘lmasam, bormasdim. → I wouldn’t go unless I had to.
9. Vaqtim bo‘lganida, yordam bera olardim. → If I had time, I could help you.
10. Faraz qil, pasportingni yo‘qotding — nima qilarding? → Suppose you lost your passport — what would you do?

Qisqa xulosa

• 1-tur — real, ehtimoli katta: If + Present Simple, will + fe’l.
• 2-tur — xayoliy, ehtimoli kam: If + Past Simple, would + fe’l.
• Bir vaziyatni gapiruvchining ishonchiga qarab ikkala tur bilan aytish mumkin.
• 2-turda Past Simple — hozir/kelajak haqida, o‘tmish emas.
• If I were you, I’d... — maslahat.
• if qismida will / would ishlatilmaydi.