Been or Gone?

Oddiy qilib aytganda

go fe’lining 3-shakli — gone. Lekin Present Perfect da go ning yana bir shakli ishlatiladi — been. Ular orasidagi farq juda muhim:

• has gone (to) — ketgan va hali u yerda, qaytib kelmagan.
• has been (to) — borib kelgan, hozir qaytib kelgan.

• — Where’s Ali? — He’s gone to the shop.— Ali qani? — Do‘konga ketdi. (hali qaytmagan)
• I’ve been to the shop. Here’s your bread.Do‘konga borib keldim. Mana noningiz.
• Have you ever been to Japan?Yaponiyada bo‘lganmisiz?
• They’ve gone on holiday. They’re back on Monday.Ular ta’tilga ketishgan. Dushanba qaytishadi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. gone — ketgan, hali qaytmagan.
2. been — borib qaytgan.
3. Hayotiy tajriba: Have you ever been to...?
4. been — “be” ning ham 3-shakli.
5. I’ve gone — nega g‘alati eshitiladi.

gone — hali u yerda

gone ishlatsak, odam hozir bu yerda yo‘q:

• My parents have gone to Mecca.Ota-onam Makkaga ketishgan. (hozir u yerda)
• Sorry, the manager has gone home.Kechirasiz, menejer uyga ketdi.
• Where has everybody gone?Hamma qayoqqa ketdi?

Diqqat: I’ve gone to the shop — g‘alati, chunki gapirayotgan odam shu yerda! Odatda gone — boshqa odamlar haqida (he, she, they).

been — borib qaytgan

been — odam borgan va qaytib kelgan. Ko‘pincha hayotiy tajriba haqida:

• I’ve been to Samarkand three times.Samarqandda uch marta bo‘lganman.
• Have you ever been to a wedding in Uzbekistan?O‘zbekistonda to‘yda bo‘lganmisiz?
• She’s never been abroad.U hech qachon chet elda bo‘lmagan.
• Where have you been? I was worried!Qayerda eding? Xavotir oldim!

Taqqoslang

Predlog: to

Joy bilan to ishlatiladi: been to, gone to. Lekin home bilan to yo‘q:

• I’ve been to Paris.Parijda bo‘lganman.
• He’s gone home.U uyga ketdi. (gone to home — xato)

been — “be” ning ham 3-shakli

been faqat “go” ma’nosida emas, be (bo‘lmoq) ning 3-shakli sifatida ham ishlatiladi:

• I’ve been ill.Kasal edim (hozirgacha).
• She’s been a teacher for 10 years.U 10 yildan beri o‘qituvchi.
• It’s been a long day.Uzun kun bo‘ldi.

been to va been in

been to — biror joyga borib kelgan. been in — biror joyda bo‘lgan / turgan (davomiylik):

• I’ve been to London twice.Men Londonda ikki marta bo‘lganman. (borib kelganman)
• I’ve been in London for three months.Men Londonda uch oydan beri turibman. (hozir ham u yerdaman)
• She’s been in hospital since Monday.U dushanbadan beri kasalxonada yotibdi.

been in ko‘pincha for / since bilan keladi va odam hozir ham o‘sha joyda bo‘ladi.

Ever va never bilan

been ko‘pincha hayot tajribasi haqida ever / never bilan ishlatiladi:

• Have you ever been to Japan?Hech Yaponiyada bo‘lganmisiz?
• I’ve never been to a football match.Men hech qachon futbol o‘yinida bo‘lmaganman.
• She’s been to every country in Europe.U Yevropaning barcha davlatlarida bo‘lgan.

Bu holda gone ishlatilmaydi: Have you ever gone to Japan? — xato (yoki juda g‘alati).

O‘tmishda: had been va had gone

Xuddi shu farq Past Perfectda ham saqlanadi:

• When I arrived, he had gone home.Men kelganimda u uyiga ketib bo‘lgan edi. (u yerda yo‘q edi)
• She had been to Paris before, so she knew the city.U ilgari Parijda bo‘lgan edi, shuning uchun shaharni bilardi.

Qisqa savollar va javoblar

• — Where’s Aziz? — He’s gone to the shop. He’ll be back soon.— Aziz qayerda? — Do‘konga ketdi. Tez orada qaytadi.
• — Where have you been? — I’ve been at the dentist.— Qayerda eding? — Tish shifokorida edim.
• — Have you been to the new café? — Yes, I went yesterday.— Yangi kafega borganmisan? — Ha, kecha bordim.

Where have you been? — “Qayerda eding?” — odam qaytib kelganida so‘raladi. Juda tabiiy so‘zlashuv iborasi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Odam hozir qaytib kelganmi? Ha → been.
2. Hali u yerdami, qaytmaganmi? → gone.
3. Hayotiy tajriba (ever, never, times) → doim been.

Misol: “Opam Londonga ketgan, keyingi oy qaytadi.”

1. Hali u yerda → gone.

Misol: “Men Londonda ikki marta bo‘lganman.”

1. Tajriba, qaytib kelganman → been.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: gone — ketdi, hali u yerda. been — borib keldi. Tajriba — doim been to.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ofisda

• — Hi, is Mr Rakhimov here?— Salom, Rahimov janoblari shu yerdami?
• — No, sorry. He’s gone to a meeting.— Yo‘q, kechirasiz. Majlisga ketdilar.
• — When will he be back?— Qachon qaytadilar?
• — At about three. Oh wait — here he is!— Soat uchlarda. Shoshmang — mana o‘zlari!
• — Hello! Where have you been?— Assalomu alaykum! Qayerda edingiz?
• — I’ve been to the bank. The meeting was cancelled.— Bankka borib keldim. Majlis bekor qilindi.

Uyda

• — Where have you been? It’s ten o’clock!— Qayerda eding? Soat o‘n bo‘ldi!
• — Sorry, Mum. I’ve been at Aziz’s house.— Kechirasiz, oyi. Aziznikida edim.
• — And where’s your sister?— Singling-chi?
• — She’s gone to the cinema with her friends.— U dugonalari bilan kinoga ketdi.
• — Has she been to that cinema before?— U ilgari o‘sha kinoteatrga borganmi?
• — Yes, lots of times. Don’t worry!— Ha, ko‘p marta. Xavotir olmang!

Kichik matn: “Sayohatchi oila”

My family loves travelling. My father has been to more than thirty countries. My mother has been to Japan three times — she loves it there. Right now, my older brother isn’t at home. He’s gone to Australia to study, and he’s been in Sydney for six months. My sister has just been to Istanbul for a conference — she came back yesterday. And me? I’ve never been abroad, but next summer I’m going to Turkey for the first time!

Matnda been to, been in va gone to ni toping. Har bir holatda odam hozir qayerda?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. — Where’s Mum? — She’s ___ to the market. (hali qaytmagan) → gone
2. Have you ever ___ to Nukus? → been
3. I’ve ___ to the gym. I feel great! → been
4. They’ve ___ home. The office is empty. → gone
5. Tuzating: I’ve gone to Turkey three times. → I’ve been to Turkey three times.
6. U Londonda ikki oydan beri turibdi. → She’s been in London for two months.
7. Hech futbol o‘yinida bo‘lganmisiz? → Have you ever been to a football match?
8. (Qaytib kelgan odamga) Qayerda eding? → Where have you been?
9. Men kelganimda u ketib bo‘lgan edi. → When I arrived, he had gone.

Qisqa xulosa

• has gone to — ketgan, hozir u yerda.
• has been to — borib qaytgan.
• Hayotiy tajriba: Have you ever been to...? I’ve been to... twice.
• gone ko‘pincha boshqalar haqida (he, she, they).
• home bilan to yo‘q: He’s gone home.
• been — be ning ham 3-shakli: I’ve been ill.