Concessive Clauses

Oddiy qilib aytganda

To‘siqsiz ergash gaplar (concessive clauses) ikki fikr orasidagi kutilmagan ziddiyatni ifodalaydi: “...ga qaramay”, “...sa ham”, “garchi ... bo‘lsa-da”. Bunday gaplarda birinchi fikrdan biz bir natijani kutamiz, lekin boshqasi sodir bo‘ladi:

Although it was raining, we went for a walk. — Yomg‘ir yog‘ayotgan bo‘lsa ham, sayrga chiqdik.

B1–B2 darajasida although, even though, despite, in spite of ni o‘rgangansiz. C1 darajasida esa ancha nozik va adabiy tuzilmalar qo‘shiladi:

• Sifat / ravish + as / though + ega + fe’l: Tired as he was, he kept working. — U qanchalik charchagan bo‘lmasin, ishlashda davom etdi.
• Much as + gap: Much as I like him, I can’t trust him. — Uni qanchalik yoqtirmayin, unga ishona olmayman.
• While / Whilst + gap: While I understand your point, I disagree.
• Even if — shartli to‘siqsizlik: Even if it rains, we’ll go.
• Be that as it may, for all, notwithstanding — rasmiy.

O‘zbekchada bu ma’nolar “...sa-da”, “...ga qaramay”, “garchi”, “qanchalik ... bo‘lmasin” kabi vositalar bilan beriladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. although, even though, though — takrorlash va nozik farqlar.
2. despite va in spite of — ot va -ing bilan; despite the fact that.
3. Tired as he was — adabiy inversiya.
4. Much as I like... — his-tuyg‘u bilan to‘siqsizlik.
5. even if va even though farqi.
6. Rasmiy vositalar: while, whilst, for all, notwithstanding, be that as it may.

although, even though, though

Bu uchtasi gap bilan keladi va ma’nosi o‘xshash, lekin ohangi farq qiladi:

• Although the film was long, I enjoyed it.Film uzun bo‘lsa ham, menga yoqdi.
• Even though she had a ticket, they didn’t let her in.Uning chiptasi bo‘lsa ham, uni ichkariga qo‘yishmadi.
• I went to work though I felt ill.O‘zimni yomon his qilsam ham, ishga bordim.

though gap oxirida ravish sifatida ham keladi — “lekin, baribir”:

• The hotel was expensive. It was very comfortable, though.Mehmonxona qimmat edi. Lekin juda qulay edi.

Diqqat: Although ... but ... — xato! Bitta gapda faqat bitta bog‘lovchi: Although it was cold, we went out. yoki It was cold, but we went out.

despite va in spite of

despite va in spite of dan keyin ot, olmosh yoki -ing keladi — to‘liq gap emas.

• Despite the rain, we went for a walk.Yomg‘irga qaramay, sayrga chiqdik.
• In spite of his age, he still runs every day.Yoshiga qaramay, u hali ham har kuni yuguradi.
• Despite feeling tired, she finished the report.Charchaganiga qaramay, u hisobotni tugatdi.
• Despite having lived in London for years, he speaks very little English.Londonda yillar davomida yashaganiga qaramay, u ingliz tilida juda kam gapiradi.

despite the fact that

Agar to‘liq gap kerak bo‘lsa, the fact that qo‘shiladi:

• Despite the fact that it was raining, we went out.Yomg‘ir yog‘ayotganiga qaramay, tashqariga chiqdik.
• In spite of the fact that she was ill, she came to work.Kasal bo‘lganiga qaramay, u ishga keldi.

Diqqat: despite of — xato (of yo‘q!); in spite — of kerak. Despite it was raining — xato.

Tired as he was — adabiy inversiya

C1 darajasidagi eng chiroyli tuzilmalardan biri — sifat (yoki ravish, ot) + as / though + ega + fe’l. U although bilan bir xil ma’no beradi, lekin ancha kuchli va adabiy eshitiladi.

• Tired as he was, he kept on working.Qanchalik charchagan bo‘lmasin, u ishlashda davom etdi.
• Strange as it may seem, I actually enjoy exams.G‘alati tuyulsa ham, men aslida imtihonlarni yaxshi ko‘raman.
• Hard as she tried, she couldn’t open the door.Qanchalik urinmasin, u eshikni ocha olmadi.
• Difficult though it was, we finished on time.Qiyin bo‘lsa-da, o‘z vaqtida tugatdik.
• Rich as they are, they live very simply.Shunchalik boy bo‘lishsa ham, ular juda oddiy yashashadi.
• Child as he was, he understood everything.Bola bo‘lsa-da, u hamma narsani tushunardi.

Diqqat:

• Bu tuzilmada sifat birinchi keladi: Tired as he was (As he was tired — bu “charchagani uchun” degan sabab ma’nosi!).
• Ot bilan kelganda artikl tushadi: Child as he was (A child as he was — xato).

Much as — his-tuyg‘u bilan

Much as + ega + fe’l — “qanchalik ... bo‘lmasin”. Odatda his-tuyg‘u fe’llari bilan: like, love, admire, want, respect, enjoy, hate.

• Much as I like him, I don’t trust him.Uni qanchalik yoqtirmayin, unga ishonmayman.
• Much as I’d love to come, I can’t.Kelishni qanchalik xohlamayin, kela olmayman.
• Much as she admired her boss, she decided to leave.Boshlig‘ini qanchalik hurmat qilmasin, u ketishga qaror qildi.
• Much as I hate to say it, you were right.Aytishni qanchalik yoqtirmasam ham, siz haq edingiz.

even if va even though

Bu ikkisi juda ko‘p aralashtiriladi:

• Even though I studied hard, I failed.Qattiq o‘qiganimga qaramay, yiqildim. (o‘qiganman — fakt)
• Even if I study hard, I might fail.Qattiq o‘qisam ham, yiqilishim mumkin. (shart)
• Even if you apologise, she won’t forgive you.Kechirim so‘rasang ham, u seni kechirmaydi.
• I wouldn’t do it even if you paid me.Menga pul to‘lasang ham, buni qilmagan bo‘lardim.

Rasmiy vositalar

• While I understand your concerns, I believe the plan is sound.Xavotirlaringizni tushunsam ham, reja to‘g‘ri deb hisoblayman.
• For all her talent, she never became famous.Shuncha iste’dodiga qaramay, u hech qachon mashhur bo‘lmadi.
• The plan was expensive. Nevertheless, the council approved it.Reja qimmat edi. Shunga qaramay, kengash uni ma’qulladi.
• — Prices are rising everywhere. — Be that as it may, we can’t raise ours.— Narxlar hamma joyda oshyapti. — Shunday bo‘lsa ham, biz o‘zimiznikini oshira olmaymiz.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Keyin to‘liq gap keladimi? → although / even though / though / while.
2. Keyin ot yoki -ing keladimi? → despite / in spite of (yoki despite the fact that + gap).
3. Adabiy, kuchli uslub kerakmi? → Sifat + as + ega + fe’l yoki Much as + gap.
4. Fakt yoki shartmi? Fakt → even though; shart → even if.
5. Yangi gapda zidlash? → Nevertheless, / Nonetheless,.

Misol: “Qanchalik charchagan bo‘lsam ham, kitobni oxirigacha o‘qidim.” (adabiy)

1. Adabiy inversiya → Tired as I was.

Misol: “Kasalligiga qaramay, u imtihonni topshirdi.”

1. Keyin ot (kasallik) → despite.

Misol: “Menga pul bersang ham, u yerga bormayman.”

1. Shart (pul berishi mumkin) → even if.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: although / even though + gap; despite / in spite of + ot / -ing; Tired as he was — adabiy; even though — fakt, even if — shart. Although ... but — xato.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish taklifi haqida

• — Are you going to accept the job offer?— Ish taklifini qabul qilasanmi?
• — Much as I’d like to, I can’t. It’s in another city.— Qanchalik xohlamayin, qila olmayman. U boshqa shaharda.
• — But the salary is excellent!— Lekin maoshi ajoyib-ku!
• — I know. Even though the money is good, my family is more important.— Bilaman. Pul yaxshi bo‘lsa ham, oilam muhimroq.
• — Strange as it may sound, I think you’re right.— G‘alati eshitilsa ham, menimcha, sen haqsan.

Rasmiy hisobot

• Despite a difficult year, the company achieved record profits.Qiyin yilga qaramay, kompaniya rekord foyda oldi.
• While sales fell in Europe, they rose significantly in Asia.Yevropada savdo kamaygan bo‘lsa-da, Osiyoda sezilarli darajada oshdi.
• Costs increased by 15%. Nevertheless, the board remains optimistic.Xarajatlar 15% ga oshdi. Shunga qaramay, boshqaruv optimistligicha qolmoqda.

Kichik matn: “Marafon”

Last spring I ran my first marathon. Although I had trained for months, I was very nervous. Despite the cold weather, thousands of people came to watch. After twenty kilometres my legs hurt terribly, but painful as it was, I didn’t stop. Much as I wanted to give up, I kept thinking of my family waiting at the finish. Even though I was one of the last runners, everyone cheered when I crossed the line. Admittedly, my time wasn’t impressive. Nevertheless, it was the proudest moment of my life — and I’ll do it again next year, even if it rains!

Matndagi to‘siqsiz vositalarni toping. Qaysilari gap bilan, qaysilari ot bilan, qaysilari adabiy inversiya bilan kelgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Yomg‘ir yog‘ayotgan bo‘lsa ham, biz chiqdik. → Although it was raining, we went out.
2. Yomg‘irga qaramay, biz chiqdik. → Despite the rain, we went out.
3. Qanchalik charchagan bo‘lmasin, u ishlashda davom etdi. → Tired as he was, he kept working.
4. Uni qanchalik yoqtirmayin, unga ishonmayman. → Much as I like him, I don’t trust him.
5. Ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘sa ham, boramiz. → Even if it rains tomorrow, we’ll go.
6. Boy bo‘lishiga qaramay, u baxtsiz. → Even though he’s rich, he’s unhappy.
7. Charchaganiga qaramay, u hisobotni tugatdi. → Despite feeling tired, she finished the report.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• although / even though / though + gap; though gap oxirida — “lekin”.
• despite / in spite of + ot / -ing; gap bilan — despite the fact that.
• Adabiy inversiya: Tired as he was, Strange as it may seem, Child as he was (artiklsiz).
• Much as + his-tuyg‘u fe’li: Much as I like him, ...
• even though — fakt; even if — shart.
• Rasmiy: while / whilst, for all, notwithstanding, be that as it may, nevertheless, admittedly.
• Although ... but, despite of, in spite the — xato.