Very, Really, Quite — Kuchaytiruvchi so‘zlar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Sifatning kuchini o‘zgartirish uchun uning oldiga maxsus so‘zlar qo‘yiladi: good → very good (juda yaxshi) → quite good (ancha yaxshi) → not very good (unchalik yaxshi emas). Bu so‘zlar intensifiers (kuchaytiruvchilar) deyiladi.

Juda kuchlireally / so / very: It’s very cold.

O‘rtachaquite / pretty: It’s quite cold.

Kuchsiza bit / a little: It’s a bit cold.

Inkornot very: It’s not very cold.

This film is very good.Bu film juda yaxshi.
I’m really tired.Men rosa charchadim.
The test was quite easy.Test ancha oson edi.
It’s a bit expensive.Biroz qimmat.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

very va really — kuchaytirish.
so — his-hayajon bilan.
quite — o‘rtacha daraja.
a bit / a little — ozgina.
not very — yumshoq inkor.
Fe’l bilan: I really like..., very much.

very va really

very — eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan kuchaytiruvchi. really — og‘zaki nutqda ko‘proq, biroz hissiyotliroq:

She’s very kind.U juda mehribon.
The soup is very hot.Sho‘rva juda issiq.
I’m really happy for you!Siz uchun rosa xursandman!
That’s really interesting.Bu juda qiziq.

so

so — his-hayajonli, odatda otsiz, gap oxirida sifat bilan:

You’re so kind!Siz shunchalar mehribonsiz!
I’m so tired.Juda-juda charchadim.
It’s so beautiful here!Bu yer shunaqa chiroyli!

Diqqat: sifat + ot bo‘lsa so emas, such a: She’s such a kind woman. (B1 darsida batafsil)

quite

quite — “ancha, anchagina”. Very dan kuchsizroq, lekin ijobiy:

The exam was quite difficult.Imtihon ancha qiyin edi.
He speaks English quite well.U inglizchani ancha yaxshi gapiradi.
It’s quite far from here.Bu yerdan ancha uzoq.

Ot bilan: quite a + sifat + ot: It’s quite a big house.

a bit / a little

a bit (og‘zaki) va a little — “biroz, ozgina”. Odatda salbiy sifatlar bilan:

I’m a bit tired.Biroz charchadim.
The coffee is a little cold.Qahva biroz sovuq.
This shirt is a bit small.Bu ko‘ylak biroz kichik.

Diqqat: a bit + sifat + ot — xato: ~~a bit cold day~~. Faqat sifat yolg‘iz: The day is a bit cold.

not very

not very — salbiy fikrni muloyim aytish usuli. Inglizlar bad demay, not very good deyishni afzal ko‘radi:

The film wasn’t very good.Film unchalik yaxshi emasdi.
He’s not very tall.U unchalik baland emas.
I’m not very hungry.Unchalik och emasman.

Daraja shkalasi

Daraja	Misol
★★★★★	It’s really / so good!
★★★★	It’s very good.
★★★	It’s quite good.
★★	It’s not very good.
★	It’s not good at all.

Fe’l bilan

Fe’lni kuchaytirish uchun very to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ishlatilmaydi:

really + fe’lI really like it. / I really want to go.

fe’l + very muchI like it very much. / Thank you very much.

I very like it — xato.

too va very farqi

very va too ikkalasi ham “juda” deb tarjima qilinadi, lekin ma’nosi butunlay boshqa:

very — juda (fakt)	too — haddan tashqari (muammo)
The tea is very hot. — Choy juda issiq. (ichish mumkin)	The tea is too hot. — Choy haddan tashqari issiq. (ichib bo‘lmaydi)
The bag is very heavy. — Sumka juda og‘ir.	The bag is too heavy to carry. — Sumkani ko‘tarib bo‘lmaydi.
He’s very young. — U juda yosh.	He’s too young to drive. — U mashina haydash uchun juda yosh.

This dress is very expensive, but I love it.Bu ko‘ylak juda qimmat, lekin menga yoqadi. (sotib olaman)
This dress is too expensive. I can’t buy it.Bu ko‘ylak haddan tashqari qimmat. Sotib ololmayman.
It’s too cold to swim.Suzish uchun haddan tashqari sovuq.
You’re driving too fast!Haddan tashqari tez haydayapsan!

too ko‘pincha salbiy natija bilan keladi: too + sifat + to + fe’l. Batafsil — “so, such, too, enough” darsida.

enough — yetarli

enough — “yetarli”. U sifatdan keyin, lekin otdan oldin keladi:

sifat + enoughShe’s old enough to drive.

enough + otWe have enough money.

not + sifat + enoughIt’s not warm enough.

Is the room big enough?Xona yetarlicha kattami?
I’m not tall enough to reach the shelf.Javonga yetishga bo‘yim yetmaydi.
Do we have enough chairs?Bizda yetarlicha stul bormi?
There isn’t enough time.Vaqt yetarli emas.

enough big — xato; big enough — to‘g‘ri.

Kuchaytirish va ijobiy / salbiy ohang

Bir xil kuchaytiruvchi so‘z ohang bilan turli ma’no beradi:

The film was quite good.Film yaxshigina edi. (o‘rtacha ijobiy)
The film was really good!Film juda yaxshi edi! (kuchli ijobiy)
The film was a bit boring.Film biroz zerikarli edi. (yumshoq salbiy)
The film was not very good.Film unchalik yaxshi emas edi. (muloyim salbiy)

not very + ijobiy sifat — salbiy fikrni muloyim aytish usuli: He’s not very friendly (= u qo‘pol, lekin muloyim aytilgan).

Bosqichma-bosqich

Qanchalik kuchli? Juda → very/really/so. O‘rtacha → quite. Oz → a bit. Inkor → not very.
So‘zni sifat oldiga qo‘ying.
Fe’l bo‘lsa → really + fe’l yoki fe’l + very much.

Misol: “Men bu qo‘shiqni juda yoqtiraman.”

Fe’l (like) → really like yoki like ... very much.

NatijaI really like this song. / I like this song very much.

Misol: “Xona biroz kichik.”

NatijaThe room is a bit small.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I very like it.~~

✓ I really like it. / I like it very much.

very fe’l oldida kelmaydi.

✗ ~~It’s very much cold.~~

✓ It’s very cold.

Sifat bilan very.

✗ ~~She is so a kind girl.~~

✓ She is such a kind girl.

so + ot — xato.

✗ ~~It’s a bit cold day.~~

✓ It’s a bit cold today.

a bit + sifat + ot — xato.

✗ ~~The film was very bad not.~~

✓ The film wasn’t very good.

not very — sifat oldida.

✗ ~~Thank you very.~~

✓ Thank you very much.

much tushib qolmasin.

✗ ~~It’s a quite big house.~~

✓ It’s quite a big house.

quite a + sifat + ot.

✗ ~~The tea is too hot, but I can drink it.~~

✓ The tea is very hot, but I can drink it.

too — muammo; very — fakt.

✗ ~~She’s enough old to drive.~~

✓ She’s old enough to drive.

sifat + enough.

✗ ~~We have money enough.~~

✓ We have enough money.

enough + ot.

✗ ~~It’s too much cold.~~

✓ It’s too cold.

too + sifat (much yo‘q).

✗ ~~He is very tall to be a jockey.~~

✓ He is too tall to be a jockey.

Natija mumkin emas — too.

Eslab qoling: very / really — juda, quite — ancha, a bit — biroz, not very — unchalik emas. Fe’l bilan — really yoki very much.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yangi kafe haqida

— How was the new café?— Yangi kafe qanday ekan?
— It was really nice! The coffee was very good.— Rosa yaxshi! Qahvasi juda zo‘r.
— And the food?— Ovqati-chi?
— Quite good, but a bit expensive.— Ancha yaxshi, lekin biroz qimmat.
— Was it busy?— Odam ko‘p ekanmi?
— Not very. It was so quiet and cosy. I really want to go again.— Unchalik emas. Shunaqa tinch va shinam edi. Yana borgim kelyapti.

Do‘konda

— How about these shoes?— Bu tufli-chi?
— They’re very nice, but they’re too small.— Juda chiroyli, lekin haddan tashqari kichik.
— Try a bigger size. Are these big enough?— Kattaroq o‘lchamini kiyib ko‘ring. Bular yetarlicha kattami?
— Yes! They’re really comfortable. How much are they?— Ha! Juda qulay. Qancha turadi?
— 800,000 sums.— 800 000 so‘m.
— Hmm, that’s a bit expensive. I don’t have enough money today.— Hmm, biroz qimmat. Bugun pulim yetarli emas.

Kichik matn: “Yangi kvartira”

Last month I moved into a new flat. It’s very nice and quite big, but it’s a bit far from my office. The kitchen is really modern, but it’s too small for a table. The bedroom is big enough for a double bed and a desk. In winter it’s not warm enough, so I bought a heater. My neighbours are very friendly, but the man upstairs plays music too loudly at night! Overall, I’m really happy here.

Matndagi kuchaytiruvchi so‘zlarni toping. very va too qayerda ishlatilgan va ular qanday farq qiladi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

I’m ___ hungry. Let’s eat now! (juda) → very / really / so
The test was ___ easy. (ancha) → quite
This tea is ___ ___ hot. (biroz) → a bit / a little
He isn’t ___ friendly. (unchalik) → very
Tuzating: I very love you. → I really love you. / I love you very much.
Choy haddan tashqari issiq, icholmayman. → The tea is too hot. I can’t drink it.
U mashina haydash uchun yetarlicha katta. → She’s old enough to drive.
Vaqtimiz yetarli emas. → We don’t have enough time.
U unchalik do‘stona emas. (muloyim) → He’s not very friendly.

Qisqa xulosa

very, really, so — juda (kuchli).
quite — ancha (o‘rtacha); quite a + sifat + ot.
a bit / a little — biroz (ko‘pincha salbiy sifat bilan).
not very — unchalik emas (muloyim inkor).
Fe’l bilan: really + fe’l yoki fe’l + very much.
I very like — xato.